中国古代的34条计时月掩行星资料研究  

Research on 34 Ancient Chinese Timing Records of Lunar Occultations of the Planets

作　　者：李勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100012

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2007年第4期455-464,共10页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家数学天元基金资助(项目批准号:A0324673)

摘　　要：调研了通过掩星材料研究地球自转长期变化的方法。收集并核查了中国古代34条最长计时单位为"夜"的计时月掩行星资料的日期和天象。通过与现代天文计算结果的比较,得出:(1)32条资料的确发生了掩星,占94%;(2)43%记作某"夜"的掩星实发生于次日晨;(3)资料中计时的平均长度为6.9小时,32条发生掩星资料的测时误差范围在0.04—5.74小时间,平均为1.8小时,月球与行星的最小角距范围在0.°02—0.°92,平均为0.°21;(4)古历建寅但存少数失闰和推步误差;(5)利用该资料做地球自转长期变化研究时,应考察其计时精度,择优取材。This paper investigates the methods for secular variation of Earth＇s rotation which applied ancient Chinese astronomical occulting data. All the 34 timing records with the length no more than one night, of lunar occuhations of the Planets are collected and their dates and descriptions for celestial phenomena are checked. After comparing to the counting results from contemporary astronomical methods, the paper obtains： 1 ） The 32 records, about 94% of 34 occults, are confirmed. 2） The 43% occults at a certain night Ye but performed in fact in next morning. 3） The average time length recorded for these occuhations has 6.9 hours. The observing time errors of the 32 real occults are from 0.04 to 5.74 hours and the mean value is 1.8 hours. The minimal angular separation are from 0°. 02 to 0°. 92, and the average is 0°. 21. 4） The ancient lunisolar calendars issued and related to the occuhations then have the same beginning month called Yin but a few errors are also found for leap month arrangement and some calculations. 5 ） In applying these data to investigate the secular variation of Earth＇s rotation, their timing accuracy should be taken into consideration and the superior ones should be selected first.

关 键 词：天文学史 天象记录 月掩行星 地球自转 计时 

分 类 号：P125.32[天文地球—天体测量]