内蒙古克什克腾旗花岗岩石林的发现及成因  

Discovery and Genesis of Granitic Stone-forest in the Hexigten World Geopark,Inner Mongolia

作　　者：赵志中[1] 钱方[1] 何培元[1] 凌小惠[1] 李名则[1] 孙继民[2] 郝治 田明中[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,北京100081 [2]内蒙古自治区克什克腾旗国土资源局,内蒙古克什克腾024000 [3]中国第四纪冰川陈列馆,北京100041 [4]国家地质公园规划研究中心

出　　处：《地质论评》2007年第B08期98-103,235-236,共8页Geological Review

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质大调查项目(编号200312300034);内蒙古克什克腾世界地质公园考察项目的成果

摘　　要：在内蒙克什克腾旗的北大山地区首次发现一种花岗岩形成的石林，钱方等命名为花岗岩石林。花岗岩石林是一种新型的地貌景观，石林主要分布在海拔1700m左右的一些山脊上，石林相对高5～20m，座座石峰，千姿百态，造型奇特，美不胜收。当地蒙古语称此石林为“阿斯哈图”，即险峻的岩石之意。花岗岩石林由燕山期花岗岩形成，水平节理和垂直节理发育，这些节理裂隙为花岗岩石林地貌形成奠定了基础。第四纪以来，大兴安岭地区发生过多次古冰川作用，形成了众多的冰川遗迹，如山脊上发育了由花岗岩构成的冰川遗迹一刃脊和角峰，这些冰川遗迹也就是花岗岩石林形成的雏形。同时，花岗岩受到冰川和流水侵蚀，特别是长期强烈的寒冻风化及风蚀等作用，在内、外动力综合作用下逐渐形成了现今独特的花岗岩石林。北大山花岗岩石林以其独特地质特征和观赏价值，而成为克什克腾世界地质公园的主要园区之一。The writers first discovered granitic stone-forest in 1998. The granitic stone-forest is a new kind of landscape, which was located at the Mount Beida, belonging to the Da Hinggan Mountains of Hexigten Qi （County）, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The highest summit of the Mount Beida was 1879 m above sea level , having the towering cliffs. The granitic stone-forest was mainly distributed on the roiling ridges of around 1700 m elevation. The relative height of the granitic stone-forest was about 5-20 m, being a fluctuate landscape of granite with peak cluster, in various postures and peculiar modeling that were such beautiful that one simply can＇t take them all in. According to the Mongolian language , the granitic stone-forest was called ＂Arsihatu＇, Meaning ＂dangerously steep rocks＂. The granitic stone-forest was composed of Yanshanian granite with well-developed horizontal joints and vertical joints. It was those that prepared the structural geological condition to form granitic stone-forest. Since Quaternary, palaeoglacial action had been occurred for many times at the Da Hinggan Mountains to form clusters of glacial remains. Standing on the mountain ridge the glacial remains in single or in rows-knife-edge crest and horn, were undeveloped form of the granitic stone-forest later. Due to those joints within glacial remains were eroded by glacier and running water action, especial exogenous process of frost weathering and wind abrasion for a long time, the unique granitic stone-forest was gradually formed nowadays.

关 键 词：克什克腾旗 花岗岩石林 世界地质公园 

分 类 号：P931[天文地球—自然地理学]