坚硬顶板断裂过程中弹性能量积聚与释放的分布规律  

STORAGE AND RELEASE REGULAR OF ELASTIC ENERGY DISTRIBUTION IN TIGHT ROOF FRACTURING

作　　者：李新元[1] 马念杰[1] 钟亚平[2] 高全臣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学,北京100083 [2]开滦(集团)有限责任公司,河北唐山063018

出　　处：《岩石力学与工程学报》2007年第A01期2786-2793,共8页Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering

摘　　要：冲击地压是煤矿生产中遇到的严重自然灾害之一,其能量变化规律一直是人们研究的重点。现场实践表明,大多数冲击地压发生在工作面煤壁前方超前支承压力范围内。在采矿学、材料力学和岩石力学研究的基础上,提出基于覆岩均布应力和增量应力作用的坚硬顶板初次断裂力学结构模型,首次推导得出弹性基础梁的能量分布计算公式,分析工作面前方坚硬顶板断裂前后的能量积聚和能量释放分布规律。当弹性基础的坚硬顶板悬露到极限距离后,将在煤壁前方最大弯矩处断裂,在断裂两侧发生反弹、压缩现象。离工作面距离越近,弹性梁的变形量和弯矩越大,积聚的弹性能量越多,坚硬顶板断裂后,释放的能量也越多。坚硬顶板断裂后发生压缩、反弹的空间区域,是产生冲击的震源区域。Rock burst is one of the severest natural calamities in coal mining;and its energy variation regular is always studied emphatically.The in-situ practices show that most rock bursts occur in the front abutment scope ahead of the coal face.Based on the study of coal mining,theoretical mechanics and material mechanics theory,the mechanical model of tight roof initial fracturing on the basis of uniform stress and increment stress is proposed;the calculation formula of energy distribution of elastic foundation beam is put forward,and the storage and release laws of energy distribution ahead of the coal face before or after tight roof fracturing are studied.The elastic foundation beam will fracture at the maximum bending moment position ahead of the coal face.As it hangs to limit distance,the elastic rebound and compression phenomenon will occur at two-sides of fracture position.The closer to coal face,and the bigger the displacement and bending moment are the more the stored energy of elastic foundation beam is,and the more the release of energy after fracturing.The scope in which compression and elastic rebound occur after tight roof fracturing is the vibrating source of rock burst.

关 键 词：采矿工程 冲击地压 坚硬顶板 断裂 能量 震源 

分 类 号：TD31[矿业工程—矿井建设]