塔里木盆地多旋回构造演化与复合含油气系统  

Multicycle tectonic evolution and composite petroleum systems in the Tarim Basin

作　　者：张光亚[1] 赵文智[1] 王红军[1] 李洪辉[1] 刘磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《石油与天然气地质》2007年第5期653-663,共11页Oil & Gas Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(49602033)

摘　　要：塔里木克拉通多旋回构造演化控制了塔里木叠合盆地的形成及石油地质条件和复合含油气系统特征,进而决定了油气的分布和资源潜力。受古亚洲构造域和特提斯构造域演化控制,塔里木盆地经历了3个伸展-聚敛旋回、6个演化阶段,发育了多期不同类型的原型盆地,其间还发生了加里东晚期、海西早期、海西末期、印支期、燕山晚期和喜马拉雅晚期6次规模较大的构造运动,使先前形成的盆地遭受隆升、剥蚀、褶皱、断裂等改造作用。经历多旋回构造演化形成的塔里木叠合盆地,具有发育多套烃源岩和多个生烃灶,有多类储集层和多套储盖组合,多期生烃与成藏及多期调整、改造乃至破坏等油气地质特征。按照生烃灶分布及其所形成的油气藏关系,可以划分出10个复合含油气系统。古生界含油气系统有加里东晚期—海西早期、海西晚期和喜马拉雅期3个关键时刻,不同关键时刻油气系统内的油气分布受有效生烃灶和古隆起匹配关系控制,多期油气系统叠加最终控制油气的分布。The multicycle tectonic evolution of Tarim craton controls the formation of superimposed the Tarim Basin, petroleum-geology conditions as well as the features of composite petroleum system, thus determines hydrocarbon distribution and resources potential in the basin. Dominated by the evolution of Paleo-Asian tectonic domain and Tethyan tectonic domain, the basin experienced three extensional-compressional cycles, which can be divided into six phases, with various prototype basins. Affected by 6 large-scale tectonic movements, including Caledonian, early Hercynian, latest Hercynian, Indosinian, Yanshan, and Himalayan, these prototype basins were reshaped by uplifting, denudation, folding, and faulting. The Tarim Basin have the following geologic characteristics ： many sets of source rocks, several hydrocarbon kitchens, various types of reservoirs, multiply of reservoir-cap rock combinations, and multistage hydrocarbon generation and accumulation, as well as multiphase adjustment, reforming, and destruction. According to the distribution of the hydrocarbon kitchens and their relation with reservoirs containing hydrocarbon generated by them, 10 composite petroleum systems can be recognized in the basin. The Palaeozoic petroleum system has the following three critical periods： Late Caledonian-early Hercynian, late Hercynian and Himalayan. The hydrocarbon distribution of the petroleum system in each critical period is controlled by the relationships between the hydrocarbon kitchens and paleohighs, and finalized by the superposition of multi-stage petroleum systems.

关 键 词：多旋回演化 复合含油气系统 克拉通盆地 前陆盆地 塔里木盆地 

分 类 号：TE111.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]