大规模人群接种Ⅱ型肾综合征出血热疫苗的远期流行病学效果研究  

Long-term epidemiological effect of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome vaccine in a large scale population

作　　者：张桂琴[1] 薛付忠[1] 王洁贞[1] 成玉[1] 邵奇[1] 徐桂春 李学刚 

机构地区：[1]山东大学公共卫生学院医学统计学研究所,济南250012 [2]山东省莒南县卫生防疫站,山东莒南276600

出　　处：《山东大学学报（医学版）》2007年第10期981-984,991,共5页Journal of Shandong University:Health Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助课题(30471489)

摘　　要：目的评价莒南县1995年～2005年大规模接种肾综合征出血热疫苗的远期流行病学效果。方法采用实验流行病学研究方法，通过设立接种人群和对照人群观察队列，对比分析接种组与对照组人群的发病密度、疫苗保护率、效果指数等实验流行病学指标；按接种疫苗后的时间分层，计算两组人群各时点内的累积发病密度，比较两组人群各时点的发病水平、疫苗的保护效果。结果接种组人群的发病密度明显低于对照组人群的发病密度（χ^2=79．9210，P〈0．05），总人群保护率为92．61％（95％CI：87．09～98．13），效果指数为13．54（95％CI：6．41～28．57）；按接种时间分层后逐年保护率分别为100．00％、95．56％、92．18％、92．09％、91．45％、92．05％、92．47％、92．52％、92．56％、92．59％、92．61％。结论大规模接种肾综合征出血热疫苗的远期流行病学效果良好；在大规模人群中，基础免疫后至少11年无需进行加强免疫。Objective To analyze and evaluate the long-term epidemiological effect of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome （HFRS） vaccine in a large scale population in Jinan County, Shandong Province, from 1995 to 2005. Methods The experimental epidemiological method was used to establish two groups （the vaccination group and the control group） and contrast the experimental epidemiological indexes, such as incidence density, protective rate and index of effectiveness between the two groups; The cumulative incidence density was calculated and the morbidity level and the protective effect of the HFRS vaccine were compared between the two groups at different vaccination times. Results The incidence density of the vaccination group was significantly lower than that of the control group （χ^2 = 79.921 0, P 〈 0.05 ）, the total protective rate was 92.61% （95 % CI： 87.09 - 98.13 ） and the effectiveness index was 13.54 （95 % CI： 6.41 -28.57）. Based on the vaccination time, the protective rate in the 1st to llth year was respectively 100.00%, 95.56%, 92. 18%, 92.09%, 91.45%, 92.05%, 92.47%, 92.52%, 92.56%, 92.59%, and 92.61%. Conclusion Using HFRS vaccine to prevent HFRS in a large scale population is effective, and it is unnecessary to consider boosting within at least 11 years after the primary three-doses immunization in a large scale population.

关 键 词：肾综合征出血热 疫苗接种 远期效果 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]