大鼠肺放射性损伤的超微结构观察  

Ultrastructure of radiation-induced pulmonary injury in rats

作　　者：肖桃元[1] 王久惠[2] 陶忠芬[1] 韦建[2] 可金星[1] 李涛[2] 路菊[1] 田路[2] 谭永红[3] 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学高原军事医学系中心实验室,重庆400038 [2]四川省肿瘤医院内科,成都610041 [3]第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所肿瘤中心,重庆400042

出　　处：《第三军医大学学报》2007年第21期2034-2037,共4页Journal of Third Military Medical University

基　　金：四川省重点科学技术研究项目(01SG046-10);重庆市自然科学基金(2004BB5132)~~

摘　　要：目的观察放射性肺损伤的超微病理变化,并探讨放射性肺炎和肺纤维化的发生机制。方法SD雄性大鼠77只,分实验组63只和正常对照组14只,实验组用8MV直线加速器30、20、10Gy3个剂量一次性照射右半胸,左半胸作为实验对照,分7个时相点(1、3、7、14、28、90、180d)活杀动物,取右肺中叶组织作光、电镜观察。结果各实验组放射损伤早期(1～30d)Ⅰ型上皮损伤,吞噬细胞增多、活跃;Ⅱ型上皮激活;肺泡隔毛细血管内皮损伤、增生,血小板、红细胞聚集,微血栓形成;间质水肿。后期(60～180d)Ⅱ型上皮异常增殖,成纤维细胞/胶原增生,血管萎缩减少,肺泡纤维化。各实验组损伤病变程度与照射剂量相关。结论肺泡隔血管内皮病变、血液循环障碍和间质水肿是放射性肺损伤早期的主要病理变化,是肺纤维化的始动因素;成纤维细胞激活、Ⅱ型上皮细胞异常增殖、吞噬细胞等分别参与肺纤维化进程,是多种因素综合作用的结果。Objective To investigate uhrastructural pathology and pathogenesis of radiation-induced pulmonary injury. Methods Sixty-three adult male SD rats were divided in three groups randomly, receiving irradiation at dose of 10, 20, and 30 Gray at their right hemithorax. The irradiated rats of each group were killed at 1,3, 7, 14, 28, 90, 180 d, and their lungs were observed by light and electron microscope. Another 14 rats served as normal control. Results In early phase of irradiation-induced injury （ 1 - 30 d） , we observed type Ⅰ pneumocytes injury, increased and activated macrophages, the activation of type Ⅱ pneumocytes, the damage and proliferation of endothelial cells, the congregation of platelet and RBC, thrombosis, and interstitial edema. In the fibrotic phase （60 - 180 d） , there were the abnormal proliferation of type Ⅱ pneumocytes, the proliferation of fibroblasts and collagens, the atrophy and depletion of capillary vessels, and finally lung fibrosis. Conclusion The pathological changes in endothelial cells of capillary vessels, the disturbance of blood circulation and interstitial edema are the early major pathological changes of irradiation-induced pulmonary injury, which may be the primal factors responsible for the development of irradiation-induced lung fibrosis. The process of lung fibrosis involves fibroblast activation, abnormal proliferation of type Ⅱ pneumocytes and increased macrophages, resulting from the combined effects of complex factors.

关 键 词：放射损伤 超微病理 肺 大鼠 

分 类 号：R322.35[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学] R818.021[医药卫生—基础医学]