美国草原管理法律法规发展概况  

The developing path of US legislative regulation of rangeland management

作　　者：戎郁萍[1] 白可喻[2] 张智山[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草地研究所,北京100094 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [3]中国农业部畜牧局草原处,北京100026

出　　处：《草业学报》2007年第5期133-139,共7页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：农业部项目"世界主要畜牧业国家草地法律法规研究"(21051606)资助

摘　　要：草地资源的立法管理是各国管理草地资源防止草地退化的主要人为调控手段。美国草原立法开始早,立法体系完善,对美国公共草地合理管理做出了巨大贡献。美国草地立法经历了3个阶段:首先是草原立法和管理主要在各州层面上,对公共草地管理作用不大,使西部公共草地处于无序利用状态,草地退化严重;第二是《泰勒放牧法》颁布后,开始了公共草地管理,建立了有照放牧和放牧收费制度;第三是美国草地的多用途管理,出台了与草地资源管理相关的一系列法律,主要是《环境政策法》和《联邦土地政策管理法》,草地资源相关价值受到高度重视。在国家立法规定下,对草地资源的价值进行评估。研究美国草地立法过程和立法思想,对于合理管理中国草地资源具有重要指导意义。Rangeland law had a great impact on the rangeland management. Rangeland law in the United States has played an important role in public rangeland management due to its long development path and integrated legislative system. The development of rangeland legislation can be summarized in 3 phases： 1） rangeland law at the state level did not have a positive influence on public rangeland management and large areas of rangeland in the western US deteriorated due to irrational utilization; 2） after the Taylor grazing act （1934） a grazing permission system led to public rangeland management; 3） the third phase focused on rangeland multiple use management, and relevant legislative/administrative regulations were introduced including the National Environmental Policy Act （NEPA） and Federal Land Policy and Management Act （FLPMA）. The value of rangeland resources were assessed during this period. Understanding the US legislative rangeland management will help our scientists and policy makers to rationally manage rangeland resource in China.

关 键 词：美国草原 法律法规 发展 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.6