因纽特人对北极环境的人类学适应  

Inuit People's Adaptation to Arctic Areas

作　　者：陈华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学人类学系,广州510275

出　　处：《黑龙江民族丛刊》2007年第3期175-179,共5页Heilongjiang National Series

摘　　要：居住在北极环境的因纽特人需要面对严寒、冰雪、极昼和极夜、生物生产力低等压力。因纽特人通过衣服、房屋和生理反应适应严寒气候;通过掌握丰富的关于冰雪、天气预报、动物迁徙的知识以及良好的身体和心理素质适应冰雪环境;通过举行宗教仪式来减轻人们在极昼和极夜的精神压力;通过灵活的社会组织和扩大社会网络来适应生物生产力低,保障食物来源。Inuit people, living in Arctic areas, face extreme coldness, ice and snow, polar days or nights, low productivity and other living pressures. They conquer the coldness by its customs, such as special clothes and houses, usage of lamps of seal oil, sharing of food and body temperature, and physical adjustment, such as shiver, vasoconstriction, incensement of metabolism rate, more oxygen consumption, acclimatization and behavioral response; they adapt to the massive ice and snow via abundant knowledge about snow and ice, weather forecast and animals migration, and excellent physical and psychological diathesis; they cease mental pressure of polar days and nights through holding religious rites; and they lessen the impacts of low productivity and limited food resources via flexible social organizations and extensive networking activities.

关 键 词：因纽特人 北极 适应 

分 类 号：P731.15[天文地球—海洋科学]