防除杏树(Prunus armeniaca L.)冰核细菌药剂筛选及花期防霜效果  

Selection of bactericides controlling INA bacteria and their efficacy on frost damage prevention during blooming period of apricot

作　　者：孟庆瑞[1] 李彦慧[1] 李帅英[1] 张倩[1] 陈少坤[1] 温林柱 杨建民[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学,保定071001 [2]张家口市蔚县科学技术局,河北张家口075700

出　　处：《生态学报》2007年第10期4191-4196,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30471414);河北农业大学科学研究基金~~

摘　　要：采用vali结冻法和含菌平板培养法，从9种供试药剂中筛选出1号、2号、3号、5号、7号5种对INA细菌触杀及破坏冰蛋白作用的药剂。将5种筛选的药剂于日光温室和田间进行药剂防霜试验研究，结果表明，日光温室霜冻温度为-4℃时，5种药剂中3号、7号防霜效果显著，分别为47．05％～67．74％和49．44％～69．33％。3号、7号分别提高座果率12．25％～14．83％和4．69％～11．36％，与对照相比差异达显著水平。大田温度为-6．5℃时，5种药剂中3号的防霜效果为21．80％，提高座果率9．17％。与对照相比达显著水平。Apricot （Prunus armeniaca L. ） trees are highly susceptible to late frost injury during blooming period. Frost is a serious problem for apricots in Northern China, and it causes considerable yield losses to growers. For many years, the extent of frost injury has been associated with the intensity and duration of low temperatures and the resistance of different cultivars to frost. However, the discovery that ice nucleation-active （INA） bacteria can severely damage plants due to inducing ice nucleation at -2 ---5℃, has provided a new field for further researches on the prevention of frost injury. In recent years, the relationship between INA bacteria and frost damage has been paid a great attention in apricot. Two strains of INA bacteria, isolated from apricot, were identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Van Hall 1920 and Erwina uredovora Dye 1963. Relevant studies have showed that INA bacteria could increase supercooling points of apricot floral organs by about 2℃. The INA bacteria have become an important factor stimulating and aggravating frost damage to apricot. In order to alleviate the frost damage to apricot by controlling INA bacteria, five out of nine bactericides,labeled asNo. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 5, and No. 7, were selected for eradicating INA bacteria and destroying ice nucleating protein by means of vali and culture on medium containing INA bacteria. The effects of selected bactericides were investigated on preventing frost damage in solar greenhouse and field. The results indicated that when frost occurred at 4℃ in solar greenhouse, both No. 3 and No. 7 weremost effective among the five bactericldes with frost-controlling efficacy being 47. 05%-67.74% and 49.44% - 69.33%, respectively, and No. 3 and No. 7 increased percentage of fruit set by 12. 25%-- 14. 83% and g. 69% -- 11.36%, resPectively, as compared with control. In filed experiment, the frostcontrolling efficacy ofNo. 3 was 21.80% at -6.5℃, and it significantly increased the percentage of fruit set by 9.17%.

关 键 词：杏(Prunus ARMENIACA L.) 冰核活性细菌 防霜药剂 防霜效果 座果率 

分 类 号：S436.62[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S425[农业科学—植物保护]