水资源空间分布模型及GIS分析应用  

The Water Distribution Model Application Based on Spatial Information Technology

作　　者：雷莹[1] 江东[1] 杨小唤[1] 王建华[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所,北京100044

出　　处：《地球信息科学》2007年第5期64-69,F0003,共7页Geo-information Science

基　　金：国家973项目(2006CB403405);国家自然科学基金项目(40471112);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所领域前沿课题(O66U0310SZ)

摘　　要：随着社会生产力的持续发展,人类活动范围不断拓宽,不可避免地影响着流域自然水循环过程。因此,在对流域水资源状况进行定量描述时,必须综合考虑自然、人文二元要素的影响。本文选取了近年来水资源短缺和水环境恶化问题严重的京津冀地区为研究对象。根据区内的自然条件和社会发展情况,选取了对水资源空间分布有明显影响的因素。其中距河流远近因素体现了对水资源的开发利用能力;坡度因素代表了土壤的持水能力,对径流和地下水有影响;而土地利用类型因素反映了土壤下垫面的水文特性。通过AHP方法确定上述影响因素的权重,建立水资源空间分布测算模型。根据模型将按流域单元统计的水资源总量数据展布到公里格网上,得到了水资源空间分布结果。最后,通过对空间化水资源数据的分析,剖析了当地的水资源状况,结合"一轴三带"的规划分区思想,对如何进行区域水资源可持续开发利用提出了参考意见。With rapid development of social productive force, the extent of human activities has been enlarged, which inevitably exerted impact on hydrological cycle. In recent years, water resources of the capital region have （Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei） faced a serious situation such as the crisis of water scarcity, water pollution etc. However, the simple qualitative hydrological analysis could not directly resolve the problem of deployment of water resources, which is considered to be important in sustainable development. This paper aims at developing a water resource spatial distribution model which adopts the linear weighted method, based on spatial information technology. Three nature-humanity mixed factors were introduced as the parameters of the model to spatialize the statistical data of total water resources quantity： slope, the distance to the river and land cover. Slope would change water storage capacity. Distance is used to represent the water utilization capacity. While different land covers would be corresponding to various infiltration, storage and evaporation characteristics. The Analytic Hierarchy Process method （AHP） is adopted to determine the adjusted weight which is subsequently used to calculate the distribution of each factor. Finally, the sub-basin water resources quantity, which is an average of the sum value in the past 45 years （1956-2000） were spatialized via those factors by GIS spatial analyzing function. The spatialized result shows high resolution and clear physical significance, visually depicts the spatial distribution of total water resource quantity. Combining with the ＂one axis three zones＂ regional developing plan, the paper gives an advice on the usage of sub-region water resource based on both the result and regional demand for water.

关 键 词：水资源量 空间分布模型 可持续发展 京津冀地区 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源] P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]