不同基因型小麦及其优选杂交后代的光合作用特性  

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Wheat Cultivars and Their Offspring of Hybridization

作　　者：胡美君[1] 王义芹[2] 张亮[2] 王超[2] 沈允钢[1] 李振声[3] 李宏伟[3] 童依平[3] 李滨[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所 [2]山东农业大学生命科学学院,山东泰安271018 [3]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《作物学报》2007年第11期1879-1883,共5页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目(0114ZS1441)

摘　　要：小偃54由小麦(Triticum aestivum)和长穗偃麦草(Thinopyrum ponticum)远缘杂交而成,具光合作用过程中内源循环光合磷酸化活力较高和对逆境有较高抗性等特点。以小偃54与小麦品种京411和8602及其优选杂交后代为试材,在抽穗期和灌浆期测定其光合性能及其在后代中的表现,以期为改善小麦光合性能育种提供理论基础。结果表明,两个已在生产中有应用价值的优选杂交后代8154和1287的净光合速率稍高于各自的亲本(小偃54与京411和小偃54与8602),说明小麦高产性状的选择常与高光合速率相联系。小偃54与京411交配而得的3个具有不同特性的单粒传优选杂交后代的叶片净光合速率和叶绿素含量都与两个亲本相仿,但在灌浆期测得小偃54及其优选杂交后代的三磷酸腺苷(ATP)含量均较京411高,其中一个优选杂交后代的ATP含量在抽穗期和灌浆期均为其两个亲本的2倍以上,这可能与其亲本小偃54的循环光合磷酸化活力较高有关。Xiaoyan 54 is a wheat cuhivar created by crossing Triticum aestivum L. with Thinopyrum ponticum, and has special features of inherent higher cyclic photophosphorylation activity during photosynthesis and its higher tolerance to stresses. In this paper, we studied the photosynthetic characteristics of the lines selected from crosses between Xiaoyan 54 and wheat cuhivar Jing 411 or wheat line 8602 during heading and grain filling stages in two experimental fields at suburb of Beijing. In one experiment, it was found that the net photosynthetic rates of the two selected offspring bred from cross between Xiaoyan 54 and the other two lines were a little higher than those of their parents during the heading and grain filling stages. This is an interesting phenomenon, as these two offspring are good enough to be new varieties, although they were selected without using photosynthetic rate as a criterion previously. It means that the higher photosynthetic rate is often closely related to high yield of crops. In the other experiment, three recombinant inbred lines which were selected from the cross between Xiaoyan 54 and Jing 411 by the single seed descent method with special features respectively showed similar levels of net photosynthetic rates and chlorophyll contents compared to their parents. However, the adenosine triphosphate （ATP） content in the leaves of Xiaoyan 54 and its offspring was generally higher than that in Jing 411, and was more than two-fold higher in one of the offspring than in its parents during heading and grain filling stages. This phenomenon may be related to the inherence of higher cyclic photophosphorylation activity from Xiaoyan 54.

关 键 词：小麦 杂交后代 光合作用 三磷酸腺苷(ATP) 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]