沙尘天气细颗粒物对高血压日门诊人数的影响  

Association of PM_(2.5) in Dust and Sand Events with Hypertension Outpatient Number

作　　者：孟紫强[1] 张剑[1] 卢彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学,环境科学与工程研究中心,环境医学与毒理学研究所,山西太原030006

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2007年第5期473-476,480,共5页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号:30230310);山西省自然科学基金(编号:20031092)

摘　　要：[目的]研究沙尘天气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))与高血压每日门诊人数的联系。[方法]采用半参数广义相加泊松回归模型(GAM)在控制了时间长期趋势、季节趋势、气象因素、日历效应等混杂因素影响的基础上,分析2004年3月1日至5月31日沙尘暴频发区——甘肃省武威市大气PM_(2.5)与7所大中型医院高血压每日门诊人数的关系。[结果]在单污染模型和多污染模型下,PM_(2.5)与男、女性居民高血压门诊人数均有联系,但只有与滞后1d的男性门诊人数间的联系有统计学意义。根据不同天气将PM_(2.5)分为4个水平并进行GAM分析:≤65μg/m^3(美国EPA空气质量标准)、65.1～95.3μg/m^3(非沙尘天气但高于美国EPA空气质量标准)、95.4～167.5μg/m^3(扬沙天气水平)、167.6～192.8μg/m^3(沙尘暴天气水平)。分析表明,男性高血压每日门诊人数在扬沙水平即急剧增加,而女性门诊人数直到沙尘暴水平才急剧增加。[结论]沙尘天气PM_(2.5)与男、女性居民高血压日门诊人数的增加有联系,且沙尘暴的影响比扬沙天气更为严重。沙尘天气对男性高血压门诊人数的影响大于女性。[ Objective ] To explore the association between particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in average aerodynamic diameter （ PM2.5 ）and daily outpatient number for hypertension. [Methods] Seven good-sized hospitals ln Wuwei city of Gansu province in northwest of China, where blowing sands and dust storm frequently took place in whole, were selected as the objects of this study. During the period from March 1^st through May 31^st in 2004 when dust and sand events occurred frequently, an investigation of daily outpatient number for hypertension was conducted. A semi-parametric generalized additive Poisson regressions model （ GAM ） was fitted to the logarithm of the expected values of daily outpatient number for hypertension, controlling for smooth functions of long time trends, season, meteorological variables, and calendar effect. [ Results ] PM2.5 was positively associated with male and female hypertension outpatient visits, but only the effect of PM2.5 on male was statistically significant. GAM analyses were performed taking categories of PM2.5 into account according to different weather： ≤ 65 μg/m^3（ US EPA ambient air quality criterion ）, 65.1-95.3 μg/m^3 （non-dust events but exceeded US EPA ambient air quality criterion ）, 95.4-167.5 μg/m^3 （level of blowing sands ）, 167.6-192.8 μg/m^3 （ level of dust storms ）. These results indicated that male hypertension outpatient number sharply increased at PM2.5 level in blowing sands, but female outpatient did not remarkably increased until level of PM2.5 reached the dust storms. [Conclusion] PM2.5was positively associated with in increasing of male and female hypertension outpatient visits and the influence of dust storms was much greater than that of blowing sands. The effect of dust and sand events on the male subjects with hypertension was higher than those on the females.

关 键 词：PM2.5 高血压 日门诊人数 沙尘暴 扬沙天气 GAM模型 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]