基于单元分析的青铜峡灌区农业非点源污染估算  

Unit-Analysis-Based Assessment of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in Qingtongxia Irrigation Area

作　　者：李强坤[1] 李怀恩[1] 胡亚伟[2] 孙娟[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水利水电学院,陕西西安710048 [2]黄河水利科学研究院

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2007年第4期33-36,共4页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(90610030);黄河水利科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(HKY-JBYW-2007-16);水利部黄河泥沙重点实验室开放基金(2007008)

摘　　要：针对灌区农业非点源污染难以监测控制的具体特点,基于单元分析的观点,提出了负荷贡献率的概念,并在此基础上,建立了灌区农业非点源污染负荷估算方法;以青铜峡灌区为例,利用2005—2006年灌溉周期灌排水质监测试验资料对灌区年农业非点源污染矿化度、铵氮、总氮和总磷负荷进行了估算,并与平均浓度法进行比较。计算结果表明:青铜峡灌区农业非点源污染年输出盐分283万t,铵氮0.55万t,总氮4.11万t,总磷123 t;结合黄河干流控制断面水质资料比较分析,青铜峡灌区农业非点源污染负荷中盐分输出占干流区间增量的70%,铵氮和总氮分别是区间点源污染负荷的0.28倍和1.52倍,对黄河干流水质影响很大;而总磷由于输出量较小,对干流水质影响不大。Aimed at the specific characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution being difficult to monitor and control in irrigation areas, and based on the viewpoint of unit analysis, a concept of load contribution rate was put forward. On such a basis, a model was established for assessment of agricultural non-point source pollution load in irrigation areas. A case study of the Qingtongxia irrigation area was carried out making use of the quality monitoring data of irrigation and drainage waters in the irrigation year of 2005 - 2006. Annual mineralization degree and ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads of agricultural non-point source pollution were estimated by using the model. Comparison with the mean concentration method showed that the new method was more reasonable. The results show that the annual agricultural non-point source pollution in the Qingtongxia irrigation area outputted 283 × 10^4 t salt, 0.55 × 10^4t ammonia nitrogen, 4.11 × 10^4t total nitrogen, and 123 t total phosphorus. Compared against the water quality data of the control section of the Yellow River, the output of salt accounted for about 70% of the increment of salt in the mainstream of the river; and the load of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen was 0.28 and 1.52 times as much as the point source pollution load of the control section, which causes great impact on water quality of the trunk course of the Yellow River; however, the output of total P was quite limited and so was its impact.

关 键 词：灌区 非点源污染 污染负荷 单元分析 估算方法 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X52