慕士塔格冰芯降水记录及其对冰川水资源的气候意义  

Records of Precipitation in the Muztag Ata Ice Core and Its Climate Significance to Glacier Water Resources

作　　者：段克勤[1] 姚檀栋[2] 王宁练[1] 田立德[2] 徐柏青[2] 邬光剑[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,北京100085

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2007年第5期680-684,共5页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40771209);科技部基础研究重大项目研究专项(2005CB422004);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金项目(40121101);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划"中国西部环境和生态科学"项目(90102005)资助

摘　　要：2003年在东帕米尔慕士塔格冰川海拔7010 m处钻取了的一支长41.6 m的冰芯,从中恢复了1955年以来的积累量.结果表明:自20世纪70年代以来,冰川积累量持续减少,特别近年来积累量呈加速减小趋势;平均而言,20世纪90年代后期至2003年平均积累量只有20世纪60年代冰川积累量的一半.重建的慕士塔格地区冰川物质平衡近20 a来亏损严重,主要是由近年来慕士塔格高山区降水的减小和温度的升高共同作用引起的.对主要以冰川融水为补给的塔里木河流域上游山区而言,短期冰川融水的增加会调节河流径流,而当冰川得不到足够的降水补充时,冰川的退化必然影响到下游的河流径流.During the summer 2003, a 41-m firn and ice core was extracted at the elevation of 7 010 m above sea level to determine annual accumulation rates at Muztag Ata Peak in the East Pamirs. Using strong seasonally variation of oxygen isotopic of the core to define annual layers, a 45-year record is obtained. Annual snow accumulation over the period is about 0.62 m water equivalent on average. The snow accumulation was higher during 1958--1975 than during 1976--2003. The accumulation decreased by a factor of two to three between 1958 and 2003. The reconstruction of mass balance in Muztag Ata glacier by using snow accumulation and temperature show a dramatically increasing wastage tendency in the past 20 years. The mean mass balance in Muztag Ata glacier was --123 mm.·a^-1 during the period of 1960--2003, whiie it reached to --419 mm· a^-1 in the period of 1990--2003. Both the decreasing in snow accumulation at the high mountain and the increasing tem- perature are responsible for the wastage of glacier in Muztag Ata region. The increment of glacier wastage can enhance runoff of the Tarim River fed by glacier melting water in a short period. Howev- er, in the condition of global warming the glacier without enough supplements will shrink quickly. For a long period, most of the snow and ice will be gone and the Tarim River runoff will be reduced without glacier melting water fed.

关 键 词：慕士塔格冰芯 冰川积累量 物质平衡 水资源 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]