对地动仪传统模型的置疑  

Doubt on the Traditional Reconstruction Model of Zhang Heng's Seismometer

作　　者：冯锐[1] 武玉霞[1] 朱涛[1] 李先登 

机构地区：[1]中国地震台网中心,北京100045 [2]中国国家博物馆,北京100006

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2006年第B12期16-33,共18页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

基　　金：地震科学联合基金项目"张衡地动仪的工作原理研究"(项目编号:104133)

摘　　要：王振铎1951年设计的地动仪展览模型存在偏谬和失误:直立杆工作原理不正确,其科学性与可行性被严格的理论计算、实验检验和地震观测所否定。把地动仪复原成报警器而非验震器是致命性失误;外部基形不合理,与史料记载和出土汉代酒尊的形制不符合,并使仪器整体不稳定;龙和蟾蜍的艺术造型不符合史料,特别是日本人服部一三首创的那种离散的蟾蜍摆设不符合中国传统。因此,这个模型被否定。把它作为惟一的复原模型进行宣传,已出现负面社会影响,国内外学术界长期的批评和否定意见中肯而严肃,应予重视。With the enrichment of materials and progress of research, the exhibition model reconstructed by Mr. Wang Zhenduo in 1951 has displayed serious deviations and faults in three main aspects. Firstly, the working principle of upright rod is not correct, and its scientific nature and feasibility are denied by a series of strict theoretical calculation, experiment and earthquake observation. The essential fault in the model is that Zhang Heng＇s invention was not reconstructed into a seismoscope but an alarm. Secondly, the external form of the model is not reasonable, it accords with neither the historical records nor the form of the excavated wine containers of Han Dynasty, and eventually the basic stability of the instrument can not keep. Thirdly, the modeling of dragons and toads don＇t accord with historical record. Especially the placement of the discrete toads facing toward instrument designed initially by I. Fukube doesn＇t accord with the tradition of Chinese culture. Therefore, the traditional reconstruction model is denied. Taken the model as an exclusive reconstructed one and propagandized it widely has led to some negative social effects. The critique and negation to this model from academe are honest and serious, and should be paid much attention on.

关 键 词：张衡地动仪 传统模型 工作原理 外部基形 艺术造型 

分 类 号：P315.62[天文地球—地震学]