乌兰布和沙漠沙尘天气的气象条件分析  

Weather Condition Analysis on Dust Events of Ulanbuh Desert

作　　者：王玉魁[1] 阎艳霞[1] 王保平[1] 肖彩虹[2] 杨超伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家林业局泡桐研究开发中心,郑州450003 [2]中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心,磴口015200

出　　处：《林业科学》2007年第A01期22-27,共6页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家林业局推广项目(2004-37)

摘　　要：运用中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心野外定位观测站(1983—2004年)和内蒙古磴口县气象站有关资料(1954—2003年),分析乌兰布和沙漠沙尘天气的年际和季节变化特征,研究沙尘天气与气象条件的相关关系。结果表明:该区沙尘天气主要出现在2—6月份,占全年的58.5%,冬季次之,秋季最少,4月份发生频率最高;该区20世纪80年代沙尘天气活动频繁,1983—1987年每年扬沙日数都在100d以上(1986年高达164d);90年代初期沙尘天气显著下降,中期至末期处于低值;21世纪初,沙尘天气的发生又有所回升。该区充足的沙源为沙尘天气的发生提供了物质来源,当具备了起沙风的动力条件时,极易发生沙尘天气。2—6月沙尘暴、浮尘和扬沙日数与风速呈显著正相关;沙尘暴和扬沙日数与大气相对湿度呈极显著负相关,与蒸发量呈极显著正相关;扬沙、沙尘暴日数与气温和地温呈极显著正相关;浮尘天气与地面相对湿度呈负相关,与蒸发量呈正相关,与气温和地温呈正相关。A set of 22-year data from an Observation Station located in Ulanbuh Desert, which belongs to the Desert Forest Experimental Center of Chinese Academy of Forestry and the Weather Station of Dengkou County, Inner Mongolia （from 1954 to 2003） were used to analyze yearly and seasonal changes of dust events in Ulanbuh Desert. The results showed that dust events mainly occurred from February to June, accounting for 58.5 % of the total events in a year, among which April was the severely attacked month. The times of dust events in winter were less than that in spring, and the least in autumn. Dust events occurred frequently during middle 1980s. The annual dust days were about 100 d （164 d in 1986） in the period from 1983 to 1987. The frequency of dust storm decreased significantly during early 1990s and dropped to a very low level in the middle and late 1990s, but it has been increasing from the beginning of this century. The times of dust events from Feb. to Jun. have evident positive correlation with wind speed, evaporation, air/ground temperature, but have evident negative correlation with relative humidity of atmosphere, ground temperature and precipitation. The rich sand sources combining with the dry climate in the studied area contributed to the increase of dust and sand storm events.

关 键 词：乌兰布和沙漠 内蒙古西部 沙尘天气 气象条件 

分 类 号：P445.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]