过渡型小麦品种在我国非过渡地带早播条件下的生育表现  

The Growth Expression of Transition type Wheat Varieties Under Early Sown Conditions of Non transitional Zone in China

作　　者：曹广才[1,2] 吴东兵[1,2] 于美玲 刘永庆[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物所 [2]内蒙古农业科学院作物所

出　　处：《中国农业气象》1997年第4期4-9,共6页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：１９８８～１９９０年，用过渡型小麦品种在黑河、呼和浩特、兰州、乌鲁木齐进行早春播，在西南冬播麦区的昆明和贵阳进行早播，生长发育均正常。与当地春型小麦品种相比，成熟期因各地生态条件不同而有差别。在营养生长、营养生长和生殖生长并进、生殖生长这三大生育阶段中，过渡型小麦品种在黑河、呼和浩特、兰州、乌鲁木齐表现长—短—长的“两长一短”现象，而在昆明和贵阳则表现“三长”现象。田间春化的温度条件较宽，在日均温０～１５℃范围内均可。开花前，对日长要求不严格。生理拔节—抽穗期间的天数与同期间的“平均光温积”之间呈极显著负相关，表现温光互作效应。在一定温度范围内，抽穗—成熟天数与此期间日均温呈极显著负相关。与春型小麦品种相比，过渡型品种的千粒重较高。通过在我国非过渡地带试验，从生长发育上。The wheat ecological experiment was conducted during 1988￣1990. Transition type wheat varieties were sown in early spring in Heihe, Huhhot, Lanzhou, Urumqi and in early winter in Kunming and Guiyang in southwest China. All the wheat sown grew normally. In comparison with the local spring wheat varieties, the maturity period was very close with little variations. During the 3 growth phases of vegetative growth, vegetative reproductive growth and reproductive growth, the transition type wheat varieties demonstrated a “two long and one short” phenomenon (long short long) in Heihe, Huhhot, Lanzhou and Urumqi, while those in Kunming and Guiyang demonstrated a “three long” phenomenon. There was a wide temperature range for field vernalization, ranging from 0℃ to 15℃ in daily mean temperature. Before inflorescence, the day length requirement was not strict. There existed a great significant negative correlation between the days from tillering to heading and the “average” light temperature accumulation, displaying a temperature light interaction effect. Under certain temperature ranges, the days between heading and maturity had significant negative correlation with daily mean temperature. In comparison with spring type wheat varieties, transition type wheat varieties had higher 1000 grain weight. It was concluded from the results of experiment that the transition type wheat varieties had a fairly wide ecological adaptability in terms of growth and development.

关 键 词：小麦 品种 早播 生育阶段 温光互作 生态适应性 

分 类 号：S512.101[农业科学—作物学]