土壤中有机化学品降解动力学的某些模型与机理建模中的相似观  

SOME MODELS FOR DEGRADATION KINETICS OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN SOIL AND THE CONCEPTION OF SIMILARITY IN MECHANISTIC MODELLING

作　　者：刘多森[1] 张水铭[1] 汪枞生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,210008

出　　处：《土壤学报》1997年第3期302-308,共7页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金!49371038

摘　　要：如果不同事物的机理可被函数形式严格相同的数学模型所描述，我们就认为在这些事物之间存在机理相似性。机理相似性可以帮助我们在机理建模方面的科学探索。降解有机化学品的微生物在机理上相似于相互作用种群的Volterra模型中的捕食着种群；但有机化学品浓度的变化在数理上不同于Volterra模型中被捕食者种群密度的变化。有机化学品的降解速度可被描述为：式中，x是有机化学品在时间t的浓度，m是能降解该有机化学品的微生物在时间t的数量，而j和k分别是非生物学的（即化学的）和生物学的降解速度常数。在常见的生长温度范围内，生物学因素对降解速度的贡献远大于非生物学因素的贡献。在此情况下，方程也可写为：-dx／dt=kxm。本文讨论了表示m的某些方法，从而使降解速度表示为可被积分的形式。If the mechanisms of different things can be described by the mathemahcal models whose funchon forms are exactly same, we believe that there is a mechanism similarity arnong the mings. The mechanism similarity may aid our scienhfic inquiries inmechanishc modelling. The microorganisms of degrading organic chemicals are mechanishcally similar to the predator populahons in the Volterra model of interacting populahons, but the variance of concentrahon of the organic chemicals ismathemahcally different to that of density of the prey populations in the Volterra model. The degradahon rate of organic chemicals may be descnbed as:where x is the concentrahon of organic chemical at time t, m is the number ofmicroorganisms capable of degrading the organic chemical at time t, and j and k are the nonbiological (i.e. chemical) and biological degradahon rate constants respechvely.The contribuhon of biological factors to degradahon rate is greater by far than that of nonbiological factors within the range of ordinary growth temperature. In this case, the equahon may also be written as : - dx/ dt = kxm. This paper discusses some methods to express m, thereby expressing the degradahon rate as a form that can be integrated.

关 键 词：有机化学品 降解 建模 相似性 土壤 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]