人工诱导杂色鲍雌核发育受精细胞学观察  

Cytological studies on artificially gynogenetic Haliotis diversicolor

作　　者：陈菲[1] 沈铭辉[2] 柯才焕[1] 蔡明夷[1] 游伟伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学海洋系近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室,福建厦门361005 [2]海南省水产研究所,海南海口570206

出　　处：《水产学报》2007年第6期705-710,共6页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家"八六三"高技术发展计划(2006AA10A407)

摘　　要：应用组织切片方法,比较观察了杂色鲍普通二倍体、人工诱导三倍体、人工诱导雌核发育单倍体和雌核发育二倍体在成熟分裂和第一次卵裂期间的细胞学变化,以探讨人工诱导杂色鲍雌核发育的细胞学机制。结果表明,精子经紫外线辐射进行遗传失活处理后,仍然能够进入卵子,并激动卵子发育,卵子能够正常完成两次减数分裂,与普通受精卵没有明显差别。精子入卵后形成精核,大多能够逐渐解凝、液化并膨大,最终形成形态正常的雄性原核,但在第一次卵裂早期退化成浓缩的染色质小体(DCB),并在胞质分裂时随机地分配到其中一个子细胞里的分裂沟附近。在人工诱导三倍体和雌核发育二倍体受精卵中,受精卵经细胞松弛素B处理后,染色单体在第二次成熟分裂期分离,但胞质分离受抑制,留在卵质中的两套染色体形成两个染色质团,并发育成两个雌性原核。To obtain useful information about the mechanism of the artificial induction of gynogenesis in Haliotis diversicolor, we observed the cytological images of diploid control group, triploid group, haploid gynogenetic group and diploid gynogenetic group during into the egg cytoplasm, the UV-irradiated sperm nuclei meiosis and first cleavage. After being incorporated could activate eggs to complete meiosis, and sperm nuclei discondensed gradually, liquefied and expanded. Most sperm nuclei eventually developed into the male pronuclei, just like the normal sperms, except that sperm nuclei in a few zygotes kept dense throughout the fertilization process. Dense chromosome body （DCB） was seen at the nuclear area during the prophase of first mitosis, and in the middle of spindle at metaphase of first mitosis. At completion of cytokinesis of first cleavage, the DCB was seen in the cytoplasm of one of the two blastmeres near the cleavage furrow. In the cytochalasin B-treated group, both sets of female chromosomes hold in cytoplasm for chromosomes segregated as in normal zygote but the cytoplasm division was inhibited, formed twochromatin bodies and eventually developed into two pronuclei.

关 键 词：杂色鲍 雌核发育 受精细胞学 紫外线辐射 细胞松弛素B 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]