大麻纤维高温闪爆联合脱胶技术  

High temperature and steam explosion united degumming of hemp fibers

作　　者：吴君南[1] 郝新敏[2] 唐宗留[1] 张加忠[1] 陈建勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学先进纺织材料与制备技术教育部重点实验室,浙江杭州310018 [2]总后勤部军需装备研究所,北京100088

出　　处：《纺织学报》2007年第11期76-80,共5页Journal of Textile Research

基　　金：浙江省科技厅重大科研工业项目(2005C21077);总后勤部军需装备研究所专项基金项目(0401065)

摘　　要：研究大麻纤维高温闪爆联合脱胶工艺,讨论高温闪爆联合处理条件对大麻纤维性能及组分分离效果的影响。用FTIR、SEM对联合脱胶后大麻的表面形态结构和化学成分进行分析。研究发现:半纤维素和木质素的含量分别下降了81.52%和86.68%,纤维素比率明显提高,达到大麻纤维脱胶的目的;工艺中高温蒸煮温度、用碱量、闪爆前处理、闪爆压力及温度,保压时间及闪爆次数等是影响纤维分离的重要因素;高温蒸煮及预浸处理对纤维的溶胀作用有利于闪爆条件的降低。The process of high temperature and steam explosion united degumming of hemp fibers was researched, and the process conditions on the fiber properties and composition separating effect of the fibers were analyzed. SEM and FTIR were used to characterize the morphology and chemical composition of the degummed fibers. The results showed that the percentage of cellulose increased significantly while that of hemicellulose and lignin had a mass loss of 81.52 % and 86.68 %, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that different conditions such as temperature, dosage of alkali, pretreatment, pressure and temperature of steam, pressure holding time, steaming times and so on were main factors influencing the separation of the fibers. And high temperature steaming and pre-submerging helped the swell of hemp fibers so that the required conditions of explosion treatment could be lowered accordingly.

关 键 词：大麻纤维 高温蒸煮 闪爆处理 性能 脱胶 

分 类 号：TS192.55[轻工技术与工程—纺织化学与染整工程]