施氮和不同栽培模式对半湿润农田生态系统冬小麦库特征的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and planting modes on sink characteristic of winter wheat in sub-humid farmland ecological system

作　　者：范亚宁[1] 赵琳[2] 李世清[1] 王全九[3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2007年第11期60-64,70,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30571116;30230230);西北农林科技大学创新团队项目;国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2005CB121103)

摘　　要：为了探讨半湿润农田生态系统施氮和栽培模式对冬小麦库特征的影响,以冬小麦小偃22为供试品种进行大田试验,试验设施肥(不施氮和施纯氮120 kg/hm2)和4种不同栽培模式(常规栽培、地膜覆盖、垄沟栽培和垄播覆膜),研究半湿润农田生态系统施氮和栽培模式对冬小麦库特征的影响。结果表明,栽培模式和施氮及其交互作用对小麦穗数有极显著影响(P<0.01),4种栽培模式中,垄播覆膜模式穗数最多,其次为地膜覆盖,垄沟栽培模式最少;不同栽培模式间穗粒数差异显著(P<0.05),而施氮、栽培模式与施氮之间的交互作用对穗粒数影响不显著,4种栽培模式中,地膜覆盖模式穗粒数最多,垄沟栽培最小;栽培模式、栽培模式与施氮之间的交互作用对小麦千粒重的影响不显著,而施氮对千粒重的影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01),4种栽培模式中,垄播覆膜模式千粒重最大,常规栽培最小,但差异不显著;施氮有助于提高小麦收获指数,4种栽培模式中,地膜覆盖模式收获指数最高,常规栽培最小;施氮和栽培模式对小麦产量均有极显著影响(P<0.01),栽培模式与施氮之间的交互作用对小麦产量的影响显著,垄播覆膜模式的小麦产量最高,常规栽培最小,与常规栽培模式相比,垄播覆膜、垄沟栽培和地膜覆盖模式的小麦产量分别增加27%,20%和9%。综合分析认为,在施氮条件下垄沟覆膜为最优种植模式,这对农业生产中合理选择小麦种植模式以达到高产具有借鉴作用。A field experiment was carried out on the soil located in the south part of Loess Plateau soil with 632 mm precipitation and Xiaoyan No.22 used as indicating crops to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer（no nitrogen application and nitrogen application 120 kg/hm2）and planting modes（control-C,plastic sheet-mulching-PSM,ridge-furrow tillage-RFT and plastic sheet-mulching on ridge-PSMR） on sink characteristic of winter wheat.The results showed nitrogen fertilizer and planting modes affected spike quantity significantly,PSMR＇s spike quantity was the largest and RFT was the lowest.Difference of kernel quantity per spike among plant modes reached at 0.05.Kernel quantity per spike of PSM was the largest,while RFT＇s was the lowest.Nitrogen fertilizer could significantly affect 1 000 kernel dry weight.Nitrogen fertilizer and plant modes could significantly affect grain yield,and grain yield＇s sequence from large to small was PSMR,RFT,PSM and C,which individually increased by 27%,20% and 9% compared with CK.Nitrogen also could affect the HI（harvest index） significantly.Among four different planting modes,the HI of PSM was the largest and C＇s was the lowest.

关 键 词：施氮 栽培模式 冬小麦 库特征 农田生态系统 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]