非离子、阳离子表面活性剂与驱油表面活性剂的协同效应  

The Synergism Effect of Nonionic and Cationic Surfactants with Surfactant for Chemical Flooding

作　　者：黄宏度[1] 何归[1] 张群[1] 吴一慧[1] 陈勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]长江大学石油工程学院,湖北荆州434023

出　　处：《石油天然气学报》2007年第4期101-104,共4页Journal of Oil and Gas Technology

基　　金：国家"973"重点项目(2005cb221301)

摘　　要：研究了驱油表面活性剂与非离子、阳离子表面活性剂的协同效应。表面活性剂之间的复配效果不仅与表面活性剂之间能否形成紧密的混合胶束有关,而且与油相性质如碳数、分子结构及水相性质如矿化度及电解质组成有关。当油相碳数较低时,Tween类非离子表面活性剂的亲油基在界面上插入油层较浅,在和阴离子表面活性剂形成混合胶束时其庞大体积的亲水基在水相中插入较深,对混合胶束形成的空间位阻作用较小,因此可形成较紧密的胶束而改善界面活性。Tween80由于其亲油基碳链较长,在和阴离子表面活性剂形成混合胶束时,其庞大体积的亲水基离得较远,对混合胶束形成的空间位阻作用较小,而使减小阴离子表面活性剂离子端电荷间静电作用的屏蔽效应居于优势,因而界面活性有较大改善。阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB加入阴离子表面活性剂中由于其正负离子之间的引力使胶束更加紧密,界面活性得到改善,但只发生在矿化度较低的情况下。当矿化度较高时,反离子浓度增加,从而压缩表面活性剂的双电层,减弱了表面活性剂离子头上电荷对周围表面活性剂离子头的电荷作用力。The synergism effect of nonionic and cationic surfactant with surfactant for chemical flooding was studied.The combined effect of surfactant not only related to the compactness degree of mixed micelles formed from two or more surfactant,but also related to the carbon number and structure of oil molecule,salinity and electrolyte composition of brine phase.When oil phase of lower carbon number was lower,the lipophilicity carbon chains of Tween nonionic surfactant extended to oil phase shallowly at interface.When coming into being mixed micelle is formed with anionic surfactant,its huge hydrophilicity group is far away from lipophilicity group,so that steric hindrance to form mixed micelle is less.It is favorable for forming closed micelle,thus interfacial activities are improved.When anionic surfactant is combined with cationic surfactant CTMAB,because the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions,closed micelles are formed easily,thus interfacial activities are improved.But this case is only in lower salinity.In the case of higher salinity,counter ion concentrations are raised,electrostatic double layer of surfactant is compressed,as a result,interaction between surfactant ion heads is reduced.

关 键 词：表面活性剂 协同效应 复配体系 界面张力 

分 类 号：TE357.46[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]