莲草直胸跳甲对不同生态型喜旱莲子草的取食喜好及生长适应性研究  

Feeding Preference and Growth Adaptation of Alligatorweed flea beetle(Agasicles hygrophila) in Different Ecotypes of Alligator weed(Alternanthera philoxeroides)

作　　者：傅东静[1] 贾昕[1] 杨兴中[1] 李博[2] 陈家宽[2] 潘晓云[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学生命科学学院,陕西西安710069 [2]生物多样性和生态工程教育部重点实验室复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所,上海200433

出　　处：《陕西林业科技》2007年第2期21-25,65,共6页Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30400052)

摘　　要：喜旱莲子草（Alternanthera philoxeroides（Mart.）Griseb）是我国黄河以南地区的恶性杂草之一,给生态环境和经济活动造成了极大的负面影响。在原产地喜旱莲子草存在多个生态型,并且其专食性昆虫莲草直胸跳甲（Agasicles hygrophila Selman＆Vogt）对几个生态型的取食偏好有明显差异。本实验从昆虫植食性的角度对收集自原产地（3个）以及入侵地（1个）共4个生态型的喜旱莲子草进行研究。在选择性取食实验中,莲草直胸跳甲一对成虫对各生态型喜旱莲子草4 d的累积取食量依次为：A.philoxeroides f.angustifolia（0.54 cm^2）、A.philoxeroides“China”（0.34 cm^2）、A.philoxeroides“SantaFé”（0.31 cm^2）、A.philoxeroides f.philoxeroides（0.03 cm^2）,即对原产地A.philoxeroides f.philoxe-roides的取食最轻,且与其它3个生态型差异极显著,其它3个生态型间无显著差异。在非选择性取食实验中,幼虫以4个生态型喜旱莲子草为食时都呈现出显著的逻辑斯谛式增长模式,但是,以不同生态型喜旱莲子草喂养的幼虫生长速度差异不显著,幼虫期8 d可达最大体重约为9.5 mg（鲜重）,达到最大体重一半时的时间为116.5-128.5 h,平均为121.9 h。这些结果暗示,喜旱莲子草从原产地到我国的天敌昆虫释放效可能是其成功入侵的重要机制之一,值得进一步研究。Alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides （Mart.） Griseb, is one of the most obnoxious weeds in many areas of South China and caused a series of problems. There are several ecotypes of alligator weed in its native region,and appears obvious difference among the feeding preferences of host specific flea beetle （Agasicles hygrophila Selman ＆ Vogt）. Four ecotypes of herbivore,three from native region （Argentina） and one from invasive （China） region were compared. The results showed that there were significant differences in feeding preference between A. philoxeroides f. philoxeroides （0.03 cm2/couple adults/4 days） and other three （0.40 cm^2/couple adults/4 days） by alligatorweed flea beetle （Agasicles hygrophila Selman ＆ Vogt） under choice-free condition. But,there were no significant differences among growth of flea beetle in the cases of 4 ecotypes of alligator weed under no-choice condition,with max weight of larva to be 9.5 mg in eight days and half maximum weight in 116.53 to 128.48 h,121.9 h on average. Result indicates that the release of enemy insects may be an important reason for successful introduction of alligator weed into China.

关 键 词：生物入侵 植食性 生态型 取食喜好 生长适应性 Alternanthera philoxeroides Agasicles hy-grophila 

分 类 号：S433.5[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]