地球生物学方法与海相优质烃源岩形成过程的正演和评价  

On the Geobiological Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Source Rocks

作　　者：谢树成[1] 殷鸿福[1] 解习农[2] 秦建中[3] 史晓颖[2] 胡超涌[1] 颜佳新[1] 黄俊华[2] 周炼[2] 杨香华[4] 王永标[1] 徐思煌[4] 腾格尔[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质教育部重点实验室,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430074 [3]中国石油化工股份有限公司勘探开发研究院无锡实验地质研究所,江苏无锡214151 [4]中国地质大学资源学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《地球科学（中国地质大学学报）》2007年第6期727-740,共14页Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences

基　　金：中国石油化工股份有限公司海相油气勘探前瞻性项目(NoG0800-06-ZS-319);国家杰出青年科学基金(No40525008);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NoNCET-04-0729);国家创新研究群体基金(No40621002)

摘　　要：烃源岩存在生烃和排烃过程,高-过成熟区还叠加了烃源岩有机质的强烈改造和破坏,从海相地层残余有机质出发评价烃源岩的反演方法需要进一步完善.以探索生命系统与地球系统相互作用为主题的地球生物学为正演烃源岩形成的动力学过程提供了理论依据.分子地球生物学、地球微生物学、地球生态学和生物地球化学等地球生物学的各分支学科(要素)为恢复烃源岩形成时的生产力及其组成、沉积有机质的量和类型、有机埋藏量及其过程和类型等提供了技术方法支撑,分别论述了如何利用地球生物学的技术方法来定量计算原始生产力、沉积有机质和埋藏有机质.表征地球生物学过程的地球生物相则综合和集成了烃源岩生物相、有机相和沉积相的相关信息,包含了生境型(群落型)、生产力和有机埋藏等定量化指标,它为建立优质烃源岩的地球生物学评价体系服务.通过烃源岩实验模拟得出的有机质恢复系数对残余有机碳进行恢复,并与地球生物学得出的埋藏有机质进行量的对比,由此实现地球生物学方法与传统反演方法的接口和校正.Hydrocarbon source rocks are characterized by the hydrocarbon discharge, and the alteration and variation in or-ganic compositions and organic content due to the enhanced thermal maturation. These variations throw constraints on the application of the conventional inversion evaluation of hydrocarbon potential by assessing the residual organic matter left in source rocks. Geobiology, probing the interaction between the life system and the earth system, provides new principles in deciphering the whole dynamic processes related to the organic evolution history from living biomass to organic burial. Geo-biological subdisciplines, including molecular geobiology, geomicrobiology, geoecology and biogeochemistry, offer new methodology and techniques to estimate the abundance and the composition of biomass, sedimentary organics and preserved organic matter, which are discussed here in detail. Geobiofacies, proposed herein, is terminologized to define the geobiologi-cal dynamic processes through the combination of biofacies with organic facies and sedimentary facies, and expressed by the biohabitat types, paleoproductivity and organic burial capacity. Geobiofacies is identified as a useful means to create the geo-biological evaluation system, which in turn rectifies the conventional evaluation system for the marine source rocks.

关 键 词：每相烃源岩 地球生物学 评价体系 地球生物相 生产力 有机埋藏量 

分 类 号：P736[天文地球—海洋地质]