湖北九连墩楚墓出土青铜器钎焊材料的分析  

Soldering technique of bronzes excavated from Jiuliandun tomb in Hubei province

作　　者：金普军[1] 秦颍[1] 胡雅丽[2] 王昌燧[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系,合肥230026 [2]湖北省博物馆,武汉430060 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《焊接学报》2007年第11期37-40,共4页Transactions of The China Welding Institution

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目(第三期)(KJCX3SYWN12)

摘　　要：研究了湖北九连墩楚墓青铜器（300BC）的钎焊技术。肉眼观察发现钎焊接头方式为榫接方式，一些焊缝被处理光滑、致密，具有热处理的特点，存在着底部注入式和侧面注入式的钎料浇口设计方式。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线荧光光谱（XRF）、扫描电镜能谱（SEM—EDX）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）等现代科技手段研究了钎料。结果表明，钎料为不同配比的Pb—Sn合金，杂质含量很少，平均配比为73Pb：27Sn，为高Pb低Sn合金；合金组织呈现铸造形态，表明当时采用了浇注钎料熔液的钎焊方式，部分钎料的熔点在180～186℃之间，钎料的低工作温度说明它们不适合高温蒸煮，这类器物的制作目的是作为礼器。The oldering technique of Bronzes Excavated from Jiuliandun Tomb of Warring States in Chinese Hubei Province was investigated. According to naked-eye observation, it was concluded the welded splice used mortise-tenons, with smooth and crinkly soldered joint by thermal processing and that the pouring gates were designed at the bottom or the side wall. The solders were investigated using diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray detection and differential scanning calorimetry. Results show that solders were composed of Pb-Sn alloys with average mixture ration about Pb73 and Sn27 by XRF analysis, and the phase was as-cast microstructure observed by SEM, which indicated ancient people poured melting solder to connect different bronze parts, and the melting point of some solders existing in 180-186 ℃ by DSC, which meant they had low work temperature and the aim to produce them just were used as bronze sacrificial ware.

关 键 词：软钎焊 焊接史 低温连接 Pb—Sn合金 传统工艺 

分 类 号：TG454[金属学及工艺—焊接] K876.4[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]