丁腈橡胶/铌镁锆钛酸铅/碳纤维复合材料的介电性能和压电性能  

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/lead magnesio-niobate piezoelectric ceram/carbon fiber composites

作　　者：刘力[1] 刘彦东[1] 曹建莉[1] 张立群[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学北京市新型高分子材料制备与加工重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《合成橡胶工业》2007年第3期191-195,共5页China Synthetic Rubber Industry

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金资助项目(2052018)

摘　　要：以丁腈橡胶（NBR）为基体,铌镁锆钛酸铅（PMN）粉体为分散相,碳纤维（CF）为导电填料,制备了压电复合材料,研究了复合材料的压电性能及介电性能。结果表明,80%以上PMN粒子的粒径为0.5～2.0μm,填充密度约为6.6g/cm^3;当填充CF体积分数小于5%时,复合材料的击穿电压受填充CF用量的变化影响不大,当填充CF体积分数达到10%时,复合材料的击穿电压下降到未填充CF复合材料的1/3～1/2,填充CF最佳体积分数为5%;当填充PMN体积分数增至40%后,复合材料的纵向压电应变常数（d33）随PMN用量的增加而增大;适当地延长极化时间和增加极化电压有利于提高d33,最佳极化电压为7kV/mm,最佳极化时间为25min;复合材料的介电常数（ε）随填充PMN用量的增加而增大;当CF用量为0时,复合材料的ε与介电损耗（tanδ）的变化趋势相反;当填充CF体积分数为5%时,复合材料不但具有较高的ε,而且具有较高的tanδ。A new composite with special piezoelectric property was prepared by using lead magnesio-niobate piezoelectric ceramic powders （PMN） as dispersing phase and carbon fiber （CF） as electric-conducting filler in acrylonitrile butadiene rubber （NBR） matrix. The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the composites were studied. The results showed that particle size of 80% of PMN ceramic powders was 0.5～2.0 μm, and the packed density of PMN was 6.6 g/cm^3. When volume fraction of CF was less than 5%, the content of CF had no effect on breakdown voltages of the composites. When volume fraction of CF was 10%, the breakdown voltage of the composite was decreased to 1/3~1/2 of that of the composite without CF. The piezoelectric constant （d33） of the composite increased with increasing the volume fraction of PMN, and appropriate delay of polarizing time or increasing polarizing voltage could be helpful to improve the value of d33. The optimal polarzing voltage was 7 kV/mm and the optimal polarzing time was 25 min. The dielectric constant （ε） increased with the increasing the volume contents of PMN. When the volume fraction of CF was 0, the change trend of ε and dielectric dissipation factor（tan δ） of the composites was opposite. When the volume fraction of CF was 5%, the ε and tan δ of the composites increased instead.

关 键 词：丁腈橡胶 铌镁锆钛酸铅 碳纤维 压电复合材料 压电性能 介电性能 

分 类 号：TQ330.7[化学工程—橡胶工业]