开放式空气CO_2浓度增高(FACE)对水稻灌浆动态的影响  

Effect of Free-air CO_2 Enrichment (FACE) on Grain Filling Dynamics of Rice

作　　者：胡健[1] 杨连新[1] 周娟[1] 王余龙[1] 朱建国[2] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所/土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2007年第11期2443-2451,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(302077;30671226);国家自然科学基金重大国际合作项目(40120140817);中国科学院知识创新重要方向资助项目(KZCX-2-408)

摘　　要：【目的】揭示大气CO2浓度升高对水稻籽粒灌浆动态的影响。【方法】利用农田开放式空气CO2浓度增高(FACE,free-air carbon dioxide enrichment)系统,以武香粳14为供试材料,CO2浓度设正常CO2(Ambient)和高CO2(FACE,Ambient+200μmol·mol-1)2个水平,施N量设低氮、中氮和高氮(150、250、350kg·ha-1)3个水平,测定各处理稻穗不同部位籽粒的灌浆进程,利用Richards方程拟合。【结果】(1)FACE处理明显提高了低氮水平实测最终米粒重,稻穗上、中、下部米粒增重分别为11.1%、10.9%和9.4%,全穗平均增重10.6%,而对中、高氮水平下粒重的影响较小;(2)FACE处理普遍提高了稻穗各部位籽粒灌浆的相对起始势;(3)FACE处理明显提高籽粒最大灌浆速率,低、中、高3种施氮条件下,全穗平均增幅分别为32.9%、36.9%和40.4%,稻穗上部籽粒增幅高于中、下部籽粒;同时明显提高了籽粒平均灌浆速率,低、中、高3种施氮条件下增幅分别为20.3%、25.8%和31.0%;(4)FACE处理总体上延迟了灌浆速率峰值出现的时间,最大灌浆速率时间的粒重增加,实灌时间缩短;从水稻籽粒灌浆阶段划分特征来看,FACE明显延长了灌浆前期持续时间,缩短了灌浆中期及后期持续时间。【结论】FACE处理提高了灌浆相对起始势、最大及平均灌浆速率,灌浆前期时间延长而灌浆中、后期时间缩短,总灌浆时间明显缩短,各粒位米粒重在低氮条件下明显增加而中、高氮条件下无明显变化。[Objective] The objective of this experiment is to investigate the effect of atmospheric CO2 concentration（CO2） on grain-filling dynamics of rice. [Method] Using free-air CO2 enrichment （FACE） system in China, a japonica rice cv. Wuxiangging 14 was grown at ambient or elevated （ca 200 μmol mol^-1 above ambient） CO2 under three levels of N： low （LN, 150 kg.ha^-1）, medium （MN, 250 kg.ha^-1） and high N （HN, 35 kg.ha^-1）. Grain filling dynamic at different positions of rice panicle was investigated. The Richards equation was used to describe grain filling processes. [Result] （1） Under LN condition, FACE treatment increased grain weight significantly, averaging 11.1%, 10.9% and 9.4% for grains on upper, middle and low parts of the panicle, respectively. However, little effect of FACE was observed under HN and MN conditions. （2） In general, FACE treatment enhanced the initial relative growth power （GR0/W0） of grains on different parts of the panicle. （3） FACE treatment greatly increased the maximum grain-filling rate （MRm）, averaging 32.9%, 36.9% and 40.4% for LN-, MN- and HN-plants, respectively, with CO2-induced increase being larger for upper grains than middle and low ones on the panicle. In addition, the mean grain-filling rate （MGR） was enhanced due to FACE by 20.3%, 25.8% and 31.0% for LN-, MN- and HN-plants, respectively. （4） Overall, grains of FACE plants had later time to reach maximum growth rate, heavier grain weight at time when the filling rate is maximum and shorter mean grain-filling duration as compared with those of ambient plants. As for different grain-filling stages, FACE treatment obviously prolonged the duration of early grain-filling stage, while the duration of middle and late grain-filling stages showed the opposite trends. [ Conclusion ] These data indicated that FACE treatment increased the GR0/W0, GRm and MGR, prolonged the duration of early grain-filling stage with a shortening of duration of middle, late and whole grain-filling stages

关 键 词：水稻 开放式空气CO2浓度增高(FACE) 籽粒灌浆 氮肥 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]