超高产大豆品种辽豆14号的冠层特性与产量性状研究  

Canopy and Yield Characteristics of Super-High-Yielding Soybean cv. Liaodou No. 14

作　　者：张伟[1] 谢甫绨[1] 张惠君[1] 宋显军[1] 王海英[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2007年第11期2460-2467,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(39870447);辽宁省教育厅科技项目(05L378)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨超高产大豆的株型优势,对超高产大豆辽豆14号的形态和生理性状进行研究。【方法】采用超高产大豆辽豆14号与普通大豆辽豆11号进行多年对比试验,对株型性状进行分析。【结果】从苗期到盛荚期,辽豆14号的叶绿素含量和光合速率要低于辽豆11号,但在盛荚期以后,则高于辽豆11号;从不同节位叶片光合速率看,超高产大豆品种上下冠层叶片的光合速率差异小,下部叶片衰老慢;辽豆14号不同节位叶柄长度和叶形指数的变化更加合理,在叶面积指数较高的情况下,能够使更多光能透射到冠层中下部,使群体下部无截获散射更大,平均叶倾角也更大;辽豆14号的叶面积指数与光合势达最大时期比辽豆11号略晚,但辽豆14号高叶面积指数维持的时间长,后期下降缓慢;在结荚期前辽豆14号生物产量的积累与辽豆11号差异不显著,但在结荚期以后要显著大于辽豆11号。在结荚期以后辽豆14号光合产物向荚的累积速度要显著大于辽豆11号,使辽豆14号最终粒茎比较大。【结论】超高产大豆辽豆14号盛荚期到鼓粒末期的叶层结构有利于冠层保持良好的受光态势,维持较高的LAI和光合势,全冠层有较高的光合生产能力及光合产物转化能力,这是超高产大豆高产的重要原因。[ Objective] Super-high-yielding soybean had certain advantages in plant type characteristics. This study investigated the morphological and physiological characteristics of super-high-yielding soybean Liaodou No. 14. [Method] Comparative analysis of plant type characteristics were carried out through multi-year experiments with super-high-yielding soybean variety of Liaodou No. 14 and common soybean variety of Liaodou No. 11 as materials. [Result] The chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of Liaodou No. 14 from seedling to full podding were not superior to Liaodou No. 11, but higher obviously after full podding. When the photosynthetic rate of leaves at different nodes was tested, it was found that the difference of photosynthetic rate between upper layer and lower layer was smaller and the leaves of lower layer senesced more slowly for super-high-yielding soybean. The distribution of petiole length and LSI （leaf shape index） of Liaodou No. 14 were more reasonable, which made it intercept more sunlight at higher LAI. The LAI and photosynthetic rate of Liaodou No. 14 maximized later than Liaodou No. 11, but had a longer duration and descended more slowly in late stage. The accumulation of dry matter of Liaodou No. 14 was less before podding, but more than Liaodou No. 11 after podding. After podding, Liaodou No. 14 partitioned more photosynthetic products to pods, which made for higher HI. [Conclusion] The main reason why super-high-yielding soybean Liaodou No. 14 experienced higher yield was that from full podding to late seed-filling, it had better canopy structure, maintained higher LAI and photosynthetic potential and had higher photosynthetic productivity.

关 键 词：大豆 超高产 形态性状 生理性状 光合速率 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]