中国南方春大豆收获前后种子劣变的抗性研究  

Pre-harvest and Post-harvest Seed Deterioration Resistance of Spring Soybean Germplasm in South China

作　　者：王芳 王丽群[1] 田鑫[1] 顾卫红[2] 麻浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室/南京农业大学大豆研究所/南京农业大学种子检测中心 [2]上海市农业科学院动植物引种研究中心,上海201106

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2007年第11期2637-2647,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：南京农业大学作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室开放基金课题(ZW2005005);长江学者和创新团体发展计划;南京现代农业科技园核心区建设(2004农资101);上海市农科院科技发展基金项目(2000-04-06-3)

摘　　要：中国南方春大豆种子易劣变,已成为该地区发展粒用型和菜用型大豆生产的重大障碍。【目的】对中国南方春大豆种质种子劣变抗性的鉴定筛选可获得抗性种质,从而为劣变抗性机理研究、遗传育种改良和新品种选育奠定种质基础。【方法】本研究采用甲醇胁迫法和温箱蚀化法对92份中国南方春大豆地方品种和推广品种进行收获前和收获后种子劣变的鉴定。【结果】经筛选鉴定获得收获前种子劣变(田间劣变)相对较抗种质(发芽率≥80.00%、活力指数≥2.64和简易活力指数≥8.61)3个,收获后种子劣变较抗(耐贮藏)种质(发芽率≥80.00%、活力指数≥1.00和简易活力指数≥7.03)3个,双抗种质1个以及双不抗种质1个。【结论】中国南方春大豆种质收获前种子劣变抗性大于收获后种子劣变抗性,而且资源中收获前种子劣变抗性种质更为丰富;与种子活力和劣变性相关的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和简易活力指数等指标间皆呈极显著正相关;宜联合采用活力指数、简易活力指数和发芽率作为种质种子劣变评价鉴定指标。Seed deterioration of spring soybean has been a big obstacle to greater spring soybean production in South China. [ Objective ] Seed deterioration resistance germplasm were needed in order to study resistance mechanism and develop new cultivars [ Method ] Spring soybean landraces（92） and cultivars from South China were used to evaluate seed deterioration resistance by methanol treatment and incubating weathering treatment. There were also used to screen seed deterioration resistance accessions. [Result] Five accessions resisting pre-harvest seed deterioration with germination percentage≥80%, vigor index≥1.00, and simple vigor index ≥8.61 were identified. Four accessions resisting post-harvest seed deterioration with a germination percentage ≥80%, vigor index ≥2.64 and simple vigor index ≥7.03 were identified. One accession resisting both pre-harvest and post-harvest seed deterioration, and one accession showing no resistance to either pre-harvest or post-harvest seed deterioration were screening out.[ Conclusion ]The resistance to pre-harvest seed deteriorations the germplasm was generally greater than the resistances to post-harvest seed deteriorations. Germplasms resisting pre-harvest seed deterioration were more abundant in the South China spring soybean resource. A significant positive correlation among germination percentage, germination energy, germination index, vigor index and simple vigor index were detected. The combination of germination percentage, vigor index and simple vigor index should be used as an evaluation index for seed deterioration.

关 键 词：南方春大豆 种子劣变 甲醇胁迫 温箱蚀化 抗性 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]