基于试验观测的光合有效辐射特征分析  

Study on the Features of the Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) with Experimentations and Measurements

作　　者：马金玉[1] 刘晶淼[1] 李世奎[1] 梁宏[1] 姜朝阳[1] 王炳忠 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2007年第5期673-682,共10页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40575057);国家科技部社会公益研究专项"三大平原粮食安全气象评估预警新技术研究"(2005DIB4J107)。

摘　　要：光合有效辐射是生物、生态和农业常用的重要参数,常规气象资料中没有该资料,实测结果也比较少,以往多采用经验气候学计算获得。论文基于固城站观测辐射资料,对光合有效辐射特征分析的结果表明:光合有效辐射(PAR)占总辐射(Q)的比值(η_(PAR))分布呈近似钟型,有60%的比值分布在0.35～0.45之间。ηPAR的晴天日变化呈明显单峰型,早、晚低,中午高,阴天ηPAR随云量状况变化而有波动,阴天ηPAR略比晴天大。ηPAR的年变化为冬、春低,夏、秋高。光合有效辐射和太阳总辐射的日、年变化也呈明显的单峰型。固城站全年平均ηPAR为0.40,生长季为0.41,PAR辐射量(Q_(PAR))与Q的关系为:全年Q_(PAR)=0.40Q,生长季Q_(PAR)=0.41Q,这一结果与以往国内一些实测结果相近。论文用此值重新评估华北平原光合生产潜力的结果表明,以往估算光合生产潜力常采用ηPAR=0.47～0.50,这与实测结果相比明显偏高。光合有效辐射变化与太阳高度角、云量、大气中水汽和尘埃等有关,有些原因比较复杂,尚待进一步研究。The photosynthetic active radiation（QPAR）is an important parameter in biology,ecology and agriculture,but in routine meteorological data no QPAR is observed and the observation data are also relatively less.So,the previous calculation of QPAR often uses experiential climatology method.In this paper,the characteristics of photosynthetic active radiation are analyzed by using radiation data from Gucheng Experimental Station.The results show that the ratio of photosynthetic active radiation to global radiation（ηPAR）presents an approximate campanulas distribution with 60% of ηPAR ranging between 0.35-0.45.The tendency of daily variation for ηPAR in sunny day presents a single-peak pattern that the η PAR is high at noon and low in morning and evening.At the same time,in cloudy day,the daily variation of the η PAR fluctuates while the cloud cover changes,and the η PAR in cloudy day is higher than that in sunny day.In addition,the yearly variation of ηPAR presents a tendency that it is lower in winter and spring but higher in summer and autumn.QPAR and Q show an evident tendency of single-peak patterns.The mean annual value of ηPAR is 0.40 and 0.41 during growth period.The relationships of QPAR and Q are as follows： for a whole year, QPAR=0.40Q;and for a growth period,QPAR=0.41Q.Generally,the result is similar to some measurement results in China.The potentiality of photosynthetic production is evaluated by using the η PAR in this paper.The results shows that the potentiality of photosynthetic production evaluated previously by using ηPAR （0.47-0.50） is obviously higher than the measurement resuhs.In addition,the causes of the variation of the photosynthetic active radiation are related to the solar altitude,cloud cover,water vapor and dust in atmosphere .In conclusion,some causes are very complicated,so further studies are needed.

关 键 词：太阳总辐射 光合有效辐射 光合有效辐射占太阳辐射的比值 光合生产潜力 

分 类 号：P422.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]