长期施肥对黄土旱塬区土壤—植物系统中氮、磷养分的影响  

Effects of long-term fertilization on nutrient variety of soil and plant systems in dry-land of Loess Plateau

作　　者：陈磊[1] 郝明德[1] 戚龙海[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2007年第6期1006-1012,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"项目(2005CB121101);中科院知识创新方向性项目(kzcx2-yw-424-3);中科院农业项目(kzcx1-yw-n15-04)资助

摘　　要：对1984年建立的长期试验田，分析了2005年小麦产量、养分吸收及土壤养分变化。结果表明，单施磷肥增产25．6％，单施氮肥增产48．1％，其吸氮、磷量也相应增加，但收获指数显著低于对照；氮磷配施增产幅度为101．3％～302．8％，养分吸收量增加显著，最佳施肥量为N2P2（N90kg／hm^2、P56．4kg／hm^2）。施肥明显改变了耕层土壤养分的含量，也影响了养分在土壤剖面的分布。氮磷配施是培肥土壤的有效途径，耕层土壤全磷增加了8．3％～45．2％，速效磷增加54．8％～917．8％。中等施氮（N90kg／hm^2）水平下，随着磷的增加，耕层土壤全磷累积和施磷量的关系为Y=0．002x-0．112。速效磷含量增加和磷肥用量的关系为y=9．6537Ln（x）-35．371，施肥对60cm以下磷素影响较小。Based on 20 years of long-term experiment of applying fertilizer on continuous wheat in dry-land of Loess Plateau. Wheat yield, nutrient uptake and soil nutrient were analyzed in year 2005. The results showed that yield was increased by 25.6% and 48.1% with single application of P and N fertilizer, respectively. The N and P uptake was increased too, but the harvest index was decreased. The combination of N and P could increase yield by 101.3% - 302.8 % and nutrient uptake significantly. Soil nutrient content in surface soil （0 - 20 cm） and the distribution of nutrient in soil layer varied. The combination of N and P was an effective ways to soil fertility management. Total P and available P in soil increased by 8.3% - 45.2% and 54.8% - 917.8%, respectively. The relation between total P accumulation and the amount of P fertilizer applied was y = 0.002x- 0.112, and the relation between available p and the amount of P fertilizer applied was y = 9.6537 ln（x） - 35.371. The difference was not that significant in subsoil layer.

关 键 词：长期定位试验 小麦 养分吸收量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]