不同肥料和N减量施用对旱作玉米生产的影响  

Influence of Reduced Fertilization on Growth of Dryland Corn and Soil Nutrition

作　　者：梁二[1] 王小彬[1] 蔡典雄[1] 张承先[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2007年第4期371-373,共3页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：财政部社会公益核农业研究项目(140102-9)"农业立体污染防治科学创新条件建设项目";国家自然科学基金项目"土壤保持耕作系统能流-碳流关联及其动态响应"(40571151);国家863项目"区域节水型农作制度与节水高效保护性耕作技术研究"(2002AA2Z4021)

摘　　要：通过在山西寿阳旱农试验区进行玉米地不同肥料和N减量处理试验,得出:普通肥、增效肥以及增效肥减量施用后对玉米出苗率、株高生长以及产量的影响效果不同;其增产、增效作用的排序为:增效复合肥>普通复合肥>增效尿素>普通尿素,施用增效复合肥对植株生长、植株N和K含量状况有所改善;增效复合肥和增效尿素的N利用率为13.1%～27.3%和0.9%～14.2%,优于普通肥料;N减量15%施用后,玉米产量不但没有显著减少,而且增效肥的N利用效率最高,尿素的N利用效率与N100%施用差异不大。N减量30%和45%施用的产量之间没有显著差异,减量越大,N的利用效率反而越高。通过氮肥合理减量施用,可以达到提高氮肥利用率、节本增效和减少养分向环境流失的目的。A field experiment was conducted in dryland farming areas of Shouyang, Shanxi Province to determine the effectiveness of different types of fertilizers and the reduced fertilization. The results showed that the effectiveness of the four treatments in increasing grain yield, the benefit and N fertilizer use efficiency in turn was as follows ： Enhanced Efficiency Compound Fertilizer （EECF） , Common Compound Fertilizer （CCF） , Enhanced Efficiency Urea （EEU） and Common Uurea （CU）. The plant growth, N and K uptake for corn, and the soil available N and P by the treatment EECF were better than that by the treatment EEU. The N use efficiencies for treatment EECF and EEU were 13. 1% -27.3% and 0.9% - 14.2% respectively which were better than for treatment CF. There was no significant decrease in grain yield for the N application reduced by 15%. NUE for the enhanced efficiency fertilizer was the best, and there was no significant difference between 85% N and 100% N urea application. The grain yield difference between 70% N and 55% N application was not significant and the N use efficiency was better by the reduced N application. The results also suggested that the target for reducing investment, increasing benefits and controlling pollution source from the loss of overuse N could be realized through the rational use of different types of fertilizers and fertilizer reduction.

关 键 词：旱地 N肥利用率 减量化施肥 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]