粤北地区溪流中的树叶分解及大型底栖动物功能摄食群  

Litter decomposition and associated macro-invertebrate functional feeding groups in a third-order stream of northern Guangdong

作　　者：颜玲[1] 赵颖[2] 韩翠香[1] 童晓立[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院昆虫学系 [2]华南农业大学理学院应用化学系,广州510642

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2007年第11期2573-2579,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30170121;30270279);教育部留学归国人员科研启动基金项目;教育部科学技术研究重点资助项目(205111).

摘　　要：利用2种孔径(5mm的塑料网袋和0.1mm的布袋)的分解网袋对2种树叶在广东北部的横石水河的3级溪流中,进行了为期101d的树叶分解研究.结果表明:人面子树叶在网袋和布袋中的分解速率分别为0.0247d-1和0.0151d-1;而蒲桃树叶的分解速率则分别为0.0108d-1和0.0095d-1.说明2种树叶在布袋中的分解速率均比网袋慢,且人面子树叶的分解速率比蒲桃树叶快.定殖在2种树叶网袋中的功能摄食群以刮食者的比例最高(36%),其次是集食者(33%)和捕食者(25%),撕食者的比例最低(6%).在实验中后期,人面子树叶上的底栖动物个体总数、优势类群数和密度显著高于蒲桃树叶.说明在亚热带地区的中等级别的溪流中,由于撕食者种类减少,刮食者的类群数及密度对树叶分解速率具有显著影响.对微生物活动的抑制作用和对底栖动物取食的驱避作用使富含单宁成分的蒲桃树叶的分解速率下降.By placing 5 mm- and 0. 1 mm mesh bags with Dracontomelon duperreanum （ Anacardiaceae） and Syzygium jambos （Myrtaceae） litters in the Hengshishui Stream, a third-order stream in northern Guangdong of China, this paper studied the decomposition of the litters and the colonization of macro-invertebrates over a 101-day period. The results showed that the decomposition rate of D. duperreanum litter in 5 mm- and 0. 1 mm mesh bags was 0. 0247 d^-1 and 0. 0151 d^-1 , while that of S. jambos litter was 0. 0108 d^-1 and 0. 0095 d^-1 , respectively, indicating that D. duperreanum litter decomposed faster than S. jambos litter, and the decomposition rates of these two kinds of litters were higher in coarse mesh bag than in fine mesh bag. Among the colonized macro-invertebrate functional feeding groups, scraper occupied the highest proportion （36%）, followed by collector （33%）, predator （25%）, and shredder （6%）. At the middle and late stages of the experiment, the total number of individuals and the numbers and densities of dominant groups of macroinvertebrates on D. duperreanum litter were significantly higher than those on S. jambos litter. It was suggested that in the subtropical medium-size streams where shredders are few or absent, scrapers play an important role in the breakdown of litter. The low decomposition rate of S. jambos litter was mainly due to its high content of polyphenols which inhibits microbial activity and makes the litter less eatable to the macro-invertebrates.

关 键 词：凋落物 分解 大型底栖动物 功能摄食群 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学]