旱地冬小麦灌浆期冠层温度与产量和水分利用效率的关系  

Relationship between canopy temperature and water use efficiency/grain yield among dryland winter wheat genotypes during grain filling stage

作　　者：樊廷录[1] 宋尚有[1] 徐银萍[2] 李兴茂[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《生态学报》2007年第11期4491-4497,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金资助项目(10501-162);"十一"国家科技支撑计划"西北半湿润偏旱区粮果稳产高效技术集成与示范"课题资助项目(2006BAD29B07)~~

摘　　要：利用红外测温仪,于2005～2006年在甘肃陇东旱原研究了我国北方冬麦区域的23个小麦品种(系)灌浆不同时期冠层温度的差异及其与产量和水分利用效率的关系。结果表明,不同基因型小麦在籽粒灌浆结实期存在着冠层温度高度分异的现象,其分异程度随灌浆过程的进行明显加大,到灌浆中后期达到最大。无论灌浆初期还是中期或中后期,旱地冬小麦产量、水分利用效率与冠层温度均呈极显著的负相关(R2=0.445-0.812),并且随着灌浆期推移,相关性增大,灌浆中后期冠层温度每升高1℃,旱地冬小麦产量减少近280 kg hm-2,水分利用效率下降约0.6 kg hm-2mm-1。灌浆中期以后不同基因型小麦冠层温度保持较高的一致性,冠层温度偏低的品种具有较高的产量和水分利用效率。灌浆中后期的冠层温度在评价小麦产量和水分利用效率上具有较高的可靠性,可作为一个田间选择指标应用。Canopy temperature （CT） has been considered as a physiological indicator of plant fitness, and can be used as an effective tool in screening wheat （ Triticum aestivum L. ） for water use efficiency （WUE） and high yield. Field studies were conducted at Zhenyuan, Gansu, China, in 2005 - 2006 to examine the differences in CT and the relationships between CT to grain yield and WUE in winter wheat genotypes. Twenty three winter wheat genotypes （ supplied by North China Winter Wheat Performance Tests Program） were grown under a dryland condition. CTs were recorded during early to mid-late grain filling stage between 1.30 pm and 3.30 pm on 3 clear days with a portable infrared thermometer. Genotypes showed considerable differences in CT, the differences increased with the development of plant and the maximum differences were observed at mid-late grain filling stage. Among the genotypes studied, a highly negative regression between CT and grain yield/WUE （R^2 = 0. 445 -0. 812） was established, no matter in early or middle or mid-late grain filling stage and the R^2 values increased as grain filling proceeded. Grain yield reduced by about 280 kg hm^-2 and WUE reduced by 0：6 kg hm^-2 mm^-1 respectively when CT increased 1 ℃ at mid-late grain filling stage. These results clearly indicated .genotypes maintained a consistent CT after middle grain filling, indicating some genotypes with high-yield and high-WUE consistently had low CTs, whereas the low-yield and low-WUE genotypes had high CTs. Regression results suggested that, to use CT as an parameter to estimate yield and WUE, the best time to take the measurement is at mid-late grain filling stage. The highly negative regression between CT and yield/WUE also suggested that CT can be used by breeding programs as a potential selection criterion for grain yield and WUE in wheat.

关 键 词：冬小麦 冠层温度 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]