乌鲁木齐市近40多年降水演变特征  

Study on the Change of Precipitation in Urumqi since Recent 40 Years

作　　者：刘惠云 王晓梅[2] 肖书君 逯文华 

机构地区：[1]新疆气象台,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]新疆气象信息中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2007年第6期785-789,共5页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国沙漠气象科学研究基金(Sqi2004010)

摘　　要：通过分析1960-2004年乌鲁木齐市各年代际的年平均降水、各季降水、大降水（中量以上）日数以及5-9月短时强降水的演变特点和变化趋势。结果表明：乌鲁木齐市平均年降水量20世纪60年代最少,70年代开始递增,80年代以后增幅明显且呈偏多趋势,90年代平均降水量各年份差异较大,气候异常加重;冬季增减幅度最大,80年代以后平均冬季增幅最大;近几年大雨（雪）日及暴雨日呈迅速增多趋势;各年代5-9月短时强降水变化,60年代天气最少,以后逐渐增多,80-90年代迅速增多,近几年来短时强降水呈频发趋势。揭示和认识气候变化趋势,对提高预防城市内涝、局地洪水能力和应急建设具有一定的指导意义。In this paper, the change and trend of the annual and seasonal precipitation in Urumqi and the days of occurring heavy rainfall （snowfall） during the period from May to September in different decades are analyzed using the precipitation data observed by Urumqi Meteorological Observatory during the period of 1960 -2004. The results reveal that the annual precipitation in Urumqi was the least in the 1960s, it has increased since the 1970s, espe- cially since the 1980s; the difference of annual precipitation was significant from the different years, and the cli- matic abnormity became more serious; the precipitation increase or decrease is more significant in winter, especially since the 1980s; the days of occurring heavy rainfall （snowfall） and rainstorm （snowstorm） increase significantly; the days of occurring heavy rainfall with short duration during the period from May to September were the least in the 1960s, they began to increase gradually and have rapidly increased since the 1980s, and heavy rainfall occurs frequently since recent years. The study results are applicable for understanding the trend of climate change, increasing the prediction capability of climate change, and guiding the measures for dealing with the heavy rainfall and rainstorm and increasing the urgent construction of preventing urban waterlogging and controlling local flood.

关 键 词：降水量 变化趋势 乌鲁木齐 新疆 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]