野榆钱菠菜的果实多型性及其萌发对策  

Study on Fruit Polymorphism and Germination Measures of Atriplex aucheri Moq.Seeds

作　　者：魏岩[1] 刘鹏伟[2] 安沙舟[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学林学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2007年第6期835-839,共5页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30660033);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(2005)

摘　　要：野榆钱菠菜有3种形态的果实和种子,这3种果实在形状、大小、颜色、着生方式及包被其苞片的大小上均有差异。以野榆钱菠菜的3种果实(种子)为材料,在暗/光为5℃/25℃,5℃/15℃,15℃/25℃,暗周期和光周期同为12 h的条件下,进行萌发实验。结果表明:新采收的C型种子成熟后具有一定的萌发能力,并且在5℃/25℃下的萌发率最高(>90%);A型和B型种子存在休眠现象。划破种皮后,A型和B型种子在3个温变处理下的萌发率显著提高,12星期的低温层积处理也能有效地加速和提高A型和B型种子的萌发率,表明A型和B型种子的休眠属于非深度生理休眠。In this study, an observation on fruits ofAtriplex aucheri Moq. is carried out. It is found that the fruits ofAtriplex aucheri are heterocarpy. There are three types of fruits, that is the seeds are different in shape, size, color and size of bracts attaching fruits. Type A fruits originate from bisexual ebracteate flowers and are consisted of small, black and lens-shaped achenes enclosing within a 5-lobed perianth. Type B fruits are produced by female bracteate flowers. Although its achenes are larger than those of type A, they have a similar appearance and are covered by extending bracteoles. Type C fruits are also produced by female bracteate flowers, but its achenes are brown and rather large and covered by extending bracteoles bigger than those of type B fruits. Seeds of Atriplex auchcri were germinated for 50 days in incubators with 12-hour photoperiod and 12-hour thermoperiod （dark/light） of 5℃/25℃,5℃/15℃,15℃ and 25℃ . The mature type C seeds can germinate, the germination percentage of type C seeds is the highest at 5℃/25℃ （dark/light）. Type A and type B seeds have non-deep physiological dormancy, and they germinate slowly to a low percentage. Rate and percentage of the germination of type A seeds and type B seeds can be increased by scarifying the fruit coat under 12-week cold stratification. Utricle polymorphism may allow Atriplex aucheri to respond to the spatiotemporal change of environmental conditions, thus the survival of this annual species in the severe desert habitats can be increased.

关 键 词：野榆钱菠菜(AtriplexaucheriMoq.) 种子多型性 萌发 准噶尔盆地 新疆 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]