长期配施秸秆对灰漠土质量的影响  

Effect of long-term application of straw on grey desert soil quality

作　　者：刘骅[1] 林英华[2] 王西和[1] 谭新霞[1] 张云舒[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]中国林科院森保所,北京100091

出　　处：《生态环境》2007年第5期1492-1497,共6页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：国家灰漠土肥料与肥料效益监测站网项目;科技部基础研究司社会公益研究专项资金项目[(2001)177]

摘　　要：利用国家灰漠土肥力与肥料效益长期定位试验,采用长期不施肥、常规施化肥和长期配施秸秆（玉米秸秆或小麦秸秆）等不同施肥措施相比较的方法,研究长期秸秆还田土壤养分的年际变化,以及对土壤动物、微生物、酶活性的影响。研究发现：⑴长期配施秸秆能提高土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量,平均分别提高15%、48%和22%;⑵配施秸秆对土壤昆虫群落呈正向作用且贡献最大,主要增加了大型、中小型农田土壤动物的个体总数和优势类群数量,尤其是疣跳科和等节跳科动物个体数量增加近10倍;⑶土壤养分与土壤细菌、固氮菌、氨化细菌、纤维分解菌和反硝化细菌呈正相关,秸秆还田激发土壤有益微生物的生长和类群数量,使土壤微生物类群数量比对照增加15%-44%;⑷土壤养分与土壤磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性呈正相关,与过氧化氢酶呈负相关,秸秆还田增强土壤蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和脲酶活性,特别是脲酶和蔗糖酶活性平均提高26.5%。结果表明,长期配施秸秆提高了土壤动物丰富性和微生物多样性,增加了土壤酶活性,同时生物类群和酶活性的增加也改变了土壤生态环境,加速了土壤熟化。With comparison among different fertilizer application measures, the long-term location test on grey desert soil fertility and fertilizer benefit showed that, （1） long-term straw amended field could increase the content of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil by average 15%, 48% and 22% respectively. （2） Straw returned to field played a positive role in increasing soil insect communities with the largest contribution, primarily the amounts of individuals and dominant species of macro and meso/micro soil animal, especially Neanuridae and lsotomidae animals individual amounts increased by nearly 10 times. （3） Soil nutrien had a positive correlation with soil bacteria, azotobacter, ammonifying bacteria, cellulose decomposing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria. Straw returned to field could stimulate effective microorganisms growth and population quantity in the soil. The increase of microbe community amount is 15%-44% more than that of CK. （4） Soil nutrien had a positive correlation with soil phosphatase, urease and suerase activities, and a negative correlation with catalase. Straw returned to field could increase soil suerase, phosphatase and urease activities, especially urease and suerase activities increased averagely by 26.5%o Therefore, Chemical fertilizer plus straw increased the abundance of soil animals and the diversity of soil microorganisms, chemical fertilizer plus straw should be recommended for improving biodiversity, enzyme activities and subsequent soil quality of the desert soil.

关 键 词：配施秸秆 土壤质量 土壤动物 土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S147.5[农业科学—肥料学]