甘肃黄土高原春季气温变化对物候的影响  

Influence of Air Temperature Change on Phonology Spectrum in Spring Season in the Loess Plateau of Gansu

作　　者：张洪芬[1] 韩涛 黄斌 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,兰州730020 [2]兰州区域气候中心,兰州730020 [3]甘肃省庆阳市气象局,庆阳745000

出　　处：《资源科学》2007年第6期10-15,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项项目(编号:2004DIB5J192-03);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(编号:3ZS051-A25-010);甘肃省人工增雨防雹效果检验与评估研究项目(编号:2002人影-2)

摘　　要：利用甘肃黄土高原1971年～2000年43站的春季平均气温资料、西峰站1981年～2000年冬小麦及1984年～2000年苹果树春季生育期资料，对甘肃黄土高原春季气温的空间分布、时间变化及影响变化的500hpa高度场、500hpa温度场和500hpaORL场环流特征进行了分析；并比较了温度变化对冬小麦和苹果春季发育期造成的影响。结论得知：甘肃黄土高原春季气温具有明显的区域分布，形成了分别以兰州、天水、灵台为中心的高温度中心和以华家岭为中心的低温度中心，究其原因主要是因为甘肃黄土高原地区的垂直层差异性大，受地势和地形影响，形成了随地形分割的不规则的春季气温分布区；春季气温的年际变化较大，且其变化趋势在逐年升高，平均每年升温0．12℃，在周期变化上形成了明显的14年长周期，其次是9年周期的气温变化；春季气温的变化主要受500hpa高空场的影响，温度高年处在高度场正距平、温度场正距平及OLR场正距平的控制之下；温度低年处在高度场负距平、温度场负距平以及OLR场负距平控制下；春季气温变化对物候影响较大，春季冬小麦及苹果生育期与春季平均温度呈显著负相关，且冬小麦生育期越后期其与春季温度的相关性越好。Based on the data of average temperature in spring season from 1971 to 2000 in 43 stations in the loess plateau of Gansu province, the winter wheat growth period data in spring season from 1981 to 2000 and the apple tree phonology spectrum data in spring season from 1984 to 2000 in Xifeng agricultural meteorological experimental station, the spatial distribution and variation of spring average air temperature with the time in the loess plateau of Gansu province and its the circulation characteristic of 500pha altitude field, 500pha temperature field and 500 OLR field were analyzed, and the impact of the temperature change in spring, and the influence of air temperature change to the phonology spectrum of winter wheat and apple tree in spring were compared. The results show that the change of average air temperature is characterized obviously by regional distribution in spring in the loess plateau of Gansu province. Such centers of high temperature as Lanzhou, Tianshui and Lingtai, and low temperature center as Huajialing have been formed because of the large vertical level difference in the Gansu loess plateau, affected by the topography and the terrain that has formed the irregular spring temperature distribution along the terrain division. The inter annual variation of air temperature is large, and the trend is rising year by year, the annual average temperature has increased by 0.12℃, and air temperature had formed the obvious 14- year-long cycle and the 9-year-long cycle. The change of spring temperature is affected mainly by 500hpa high altitude field, The years with higher temperature are under the control of of hight, temperature and OLR. The years with lower temperature are affected by negative of hight, temperature and OLR. And the air temperature change posed a great impact to phonology spectrum. In spring, there is a negative correlation existing between winter wheat, the apple growth, and mean temperature.

关 键 词：甘肃黄土高原 春季气温 空间分布 时间变化 环流特征 生育期 

分 类 号：S16[农业科学—农业气象学] P467[农业科学—农业基础科学]