基于GIS与景观生态原理的土地资源规模化潜力评价  

Evaluation Methods and Its Application on Potentials of Land Resources based on GIS Technology and Theories of Landscape Ecology

作　　者：吴良林[1] 周永章[1] 陈子 宋书巧[2] 周慧杰[3] 陈秋华[3] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广州510275 [2]中山大学地球环境与地球资源研究中心,广州510275 [3]广西师范学院资源与环境科学学院,南宁530001

出　　处：《资源科学》2007年第6期146-153,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:40461001);广西科学研究与技术开发计划基金(桂科能05112001-8C);国家教育部支持中山大学985工程Ⅱ期GIS与遥感地学应用科技创新平台基金(编号:105203200400006);产业与区域发展研究创新基地基金(编号:105203200400010)

摘　　要：中国新农村建设的核心是构建现代农业体系,而现代农业是以农业产业化、规模化为主要标志。农业规模化首先依赖于土地资源规模化潜力的大小。土地资源空间格局和地形是土地资源规模化潜力的两个核心指标。本文探讨了利用地形指标,景观丰度指数、斑块方度指数、景观集中度指数等景观格局指数作为土地资源规模化潜力评价的方法,结合DTM提取的地形坡度因子,以地形起伏较大的喀斯特山区耕地资源为例,应用GIS技术定量分析了不同地形区包括喀斯特河谷区和喀斯特峰林峰丛山区耕地资源规模化潜力指数和规模化成本。结果表明,地势平坦的喀斯特河谷区的耕地规模化潜力综合指数为0.91,地形复杂的喀斯特峰丛峰林山区为0.28,前者为后者的3倍多,而后者的耕地规模化机械成本消耗是前者的8.8倍。说明土地资源规模化潜力和规模化成本受到土地资源空间格局和地形格局的严重制约,且严格受控于土地资源空间格局与地形的组合形态,不同的地形区域之间差异巨大,将对区域农业现代化发展有重要影响。The center of new rural construction of China is to build a modern agricultural system, and the mark of modern agriculture includes industrialization and specialized farming. Agricultural modernization depends on the potentials of land resources. Landscape pattern of land resources has a strong impact on potential of land resources （SPLR）. This paper focuses on discussing how to set up a indicator system including patch area, richness index, patch square index, concentration index and farming radius for evaluating SPLR. Taking the arable land resources evaluation in a Karst mountain area as an example, the authors use the landscape pattern indices and terrain indices combined with DTM data ＆ GIS technology to evaluate the SPLR of the Karst mountains areas. Because terrain gradient is also a key factor to SPLR, the paper classifies the gradient into three grade： P≤5°, 5°〈 P≤ 15°, P 〉 15°（＂P＂ means gradient）, two regions of the Karst terrain： river valley （called ＂region No. Ⅰ ＂）, Karst peak cluster-depressions and Karst peak forest-valley （called ＂region No. Ⅱ ＂） according to the terrain gradient for evaluating and comparing different potential of land resources in different terrain regions. The study result shows ： 1 ） The richness index, patch square index and concentration index of land resources varies with terrain gradient. The proportion of gradient areas in region No. Ⅰ （P 〉 15°） is 0.6%, and the richness index, patch square index and concentration index of arable land resources in the region is 67.1, 1.48, 29.7 respectively. The proportion of gradient areas in region No. Ⅱ （ P 〉 15°） is 89.5%, and the richness index, patch square index and concentration index of arable land resources in the region is 11.8, 1.63, 11.2 respectively; 2） The effective factors of the comprehensive SPLR include proportion of flat area （ S 1, P≤5°）, proportion of light slope terrain area （S2,5°〈 P ≤ 15°）, richness index, patch square index

关 键 词：土地资源规模化潜力 景观格局指数 GIS 土地资源自然性破碎 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]