贵州少数民族地区母亲对儿童计划免疫的知信行状况  

Status of mother's KAP on child immunization in minority areas,Guizhou Province

作　　者：王媛媛[1] 王燕[1] 张敬旭[1] 康楚云[1] 段平[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学医学部公共卫生学院妇幼系,北京100083

出　　处：《北京大学学报（医学版）》2007年第2期136-139,共4页Journal of Peking University:Health Sciences

基　　金：世界卫生组织资助项目(AC05.01.01.AW.01)资助~~

摘　　要：目的:了解贵州省少数民族地区儿童母亲有关计划免疫的知识、态度、行为(knowledge,attitude and prac-tice,KAP)的现况、存在问题及主要的影响因素,为进一步有针对性地实施干预提供依据。方法:2005年4月在贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州的6个县,利用自行设计的知、信、行问卷对当地591名2岁以下儿童的母亲进行横断面调查。结果:被调查母亲在计划免疫知识、态度和行为上得分较低,且受教育程度、地区经济水平、母亲年龄、家庭总人数和民族等多种因素的影响;当地儿童的预防接种情况较差,在被调查的261名家庭中最小的已满1岁儿童中,乙肝疫苗、卡介苗、麻疹疫苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破疫苗(简称"五苗")全程合格接种率仅为35.2%,另外还有12.3%的被调查儿童从出生到被调查时没有接种过任何疫苗;被调查母亲获得计划免疫知识途径主要以人际传播为主。结论:当地儿童母亲有关计划免疫的知信行水平较低,考虑其文化水平较低,应在当地大力开展以人际传播为主、结合多种大众媒介传播形式的计划免疫健康教育,尤其要针对某些特定人群进行重点干预。Objective： To evaluate the status of mothers＇ knowledge, attitudes and practices （KAP） and its related factors and provide evidences for further effective implementation on childhood immunization in Guizhou Province. Methods： This study was a cross-sectional study, in which 591 mothers of children under 2 years were surveyed with structured questionnaires in six selected counties of Qiandongnan Canton. Results： Mothers＇ knowledge, attitudes and practices on childhood immunization were at a low level and influenced by educational background, county＇ s economical level, mother＇ s age, household size and ethnic groups. The childhood immunization was also at a low level. Among the 290 youngest children in a household survey, the coverage rate of all five vaccines （ including HBV, BCG, OPV, DTP and measles vaccine） was 35.2%, and 12.3% of the surveyed children had never been immunized since birth. The main source of knowledge on immunization was interpersonal communication. Conclusion： Considering mothers＇ poor KAP status and low education level, health education on immunization should be implemented though interpersonal communication via assistant media, and educating emphases should be laid on some special-charactertics targets.

关 键 词：接种 健康知识 态度 实践 少数民族 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]