从社会学视角探析和谐城市的社会分层——以西安社会分层为例  

Social Estate in Harmonious Society From Sociological Perspective——Taking Xi'an City as A Sample

作　　者：张永春[1] 方立峰[1] 苏军[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安市社会科学院社会学研究所,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《唐都学刊》2007年第6期78-82,共5页Tangdu Journal

摘　　要：社会分层是根据经济和社会地位差别的一定标准,把社会成员划分为高低有序的不同等级、不同层次的过程。社会分层的实质是反映社会成员之间的贫富差距状况。西安社会阶层目前已经分化为党政机关和社会管理阶层、经理人员阶层、私营企业主阶层、专业技术人员阶层、办事人员阶层、个体工商户阶层、商业服务员阶层、产业工人阶层、农业劳动者阶层、城市无业、失业、半失业阶层。上述十大社会阶层在全国大城市具有代表性。社会阶层不和谐的主要问题包括:农业劳动者阶层处于明显劣势;产业工人的地位迅速下降;非公有制经济的新社会阶层的地位迅速上升;贫富不均。西安对全国构建和谐社会阶层的启示包括:关键要真正落实市委市政府关于构建和谐社会的实施意见;市委和市政府尽快建立有效协调各阶层利益的经济、政治、文化机制;逐步缩小城乡差距,公民应享受同等国民待遇;就业和再就业应列为"一把手工程";设立"弱势阶层受损补偿准备金";大城市应构建"菱形社会结构",尽快扩大中等收入阶层的比重;大城市应多管齐下,缩小贫富差距;社会保障向弱势阶层倾斜;我们应在所有城市社区居委会和农村社区的村委会设立"民意接待室";新建"和谐社会指标考核体系"。Social estate, the process of classifying social members on the basis of economical and social positions, essentially reflects rich - poor gap among social members. The present ten social estates in Xi＇an city are as follows： administrators, managers, private entrepreneurs, professional personnel, clerks, self - employed labourers, shop - assistants, industrial workers, agricultural workers and the unemployed. Social estates are disharmonious in the following respects： the inferior position of agricultural workers; decline of industrial workers＇ position; promotion of the position of new social rank from non - government owned economy as well as rich - poor imbalance. Xi＇an enlightens the whole country in constructing harmonious society on the following aspects： policy of the municipal Party committee and the municipal government on harmonious society construction has to be implemented in earnest; equality of citizens in economical, political, and cultural fields has to be systematized through the efforts of the municipal Party committee and government; employment and re - employment should be stressed by people holding primary responsibility; fund for the weak in society should be established; middle class should be increased and rich - poor gap should be decreased in big cities; social insurance system should favor the weak; offices for the public opinion poll and system to assess the target of harmonious society should be established in communities in both urban and rural areas.

关 键 词：社会学 社会分层 问题 对策 和谐城市 

分 类 号：C91-03[经济管理]