湖北石首麋鹿的冬季生境选择  

Winter Habitat Selection by Milu in Shishou,Hubei

作　　者：何振[1] 杨道德[1] 马建章[2] 李鹏飞 蒋志刚[4] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学野生动植物保护研究所 [2]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院 [3]湖北石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区 [4]中国科学院动物研究所

出　　处：《四川动物》2007年第4期764-768,共5页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程(CXTDS2005-4);湖南省自然基金课题(04JJ3057);中南林业科技大学高级人才引进基金项目(101-0284);WWF课题(CN008.03-YZ13)资助

摘　　要：2005年11月至2006年2月,研究了石首麋鹿冬季的生境选择。共随机抽取了195个样方,其中石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区内111个,保护区外江南三合垸84个。在样方中测定了食物丰富度、距水源的距离、距林缘距离、距道路的距离、植被类型、距最近居民点的距离6种生境因子。用SPSS软件分别进行卡方检验、主成分分析和相关分析。结果表明:麋鹿选择食物丰富、距水源近且远离人为干扰的开阔生境;影响麋鹿冬季生境选择的3个主成分依次为食物因子、人为干扰因子、水源因子;鹿群大小与各生境因子相关不显著。该结果可为保护和改善石首麋鹿的栖息地提供参考。Winter habitat selection by milu （Elaphurus davidianus） inside and outside the Hubei Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve was studied from November 2005 to February 2006. All together, 195 quadrats were sampled, among them, 111 quadrats （62 quadrats were used by milu） were sampled in the reserve and 84 quadrats （41 quadrats were used by milu） were in Sanheyuan outside the reserve. The habitat variables studied in this study included food richness, distance to water source, distance to forest edge, distance to road, vegetation type, distance to residential area. Through Chi-square statistical analysis, we found milu preferred open habitats with rich foods, which are close to water, farther away from human disturbance. Results of principal component analysis showed that the first 3 principal components explained 82. 535% and 82. 408% of the total variance among all habitat variables inside and outside the reserve components respectively. According to the absolute value of the coefficient, the 3 components were classified separately as food factor, disturbance factor, and water factor respectively. Excepted the factor of human disturbance, other habitat variables did not affect the sizes of milu herds in those habitats. It gives important reference for protecting and improving the habitat of milu in Shishou Hubei Province.

关 键 词：麇鹿 物种重引入 野生动物保护 生境选择 种群监测 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]