贵州省实施燃煤污染型砷中毒综合防制项目效果评估  

Evaluation of integrated program of controlling arsenicosis implemented in Guizhou Province

作　　者：李达圣[1] 安冬[1] 何平[1] 梁音[1] 靳争京[1] 胡小强[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心地方病防治研究所,贵阳550004

出　　处：《贵州医药》2007年第10期883-886,共4页Guizhou Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的评价采取综合措施控制贵州省燃煤型地方性砷中毒(地砷病)病区砷污染的效果。方法实施以健康教育为基础,禁止开采高砷煤和改良炉灶为主的综合防治措施后,采取随机抽样的方法对其效果进行评估。结果通过强有力的健康促进,在病区,砷中毒防治知识家喻户晓,深入人心;高砷煤开采得到基本禁止;全部家庭用上了有排烟设施的炉灶,炉灶正确使用率达到90%;家庭玉米和辣椒正确干燥率均达到90%以上;大多数家庭已经养成烹调前淘洗食物的习惯,有效的将煤烟排出室外,基本避免了玉米和辣椒等食物污染,减少了砷的摄入量,机体尿砷排泄显著减少,接近正常人排泄水平。结论在地砷病区实施综合控制措施取得预期成效。Objective To evaluate the effects after implementing the integrated measures to control the arsenic pollution in the endemic regions in Guizhou Province caused by domestic coal burning pollution. Methods The evaluation is completed by sampling investigation after implementing health education, installing anti-arsenic pollution stoves and other integrated measures. Results The awareness of arsenicosis control knowledge of the residents was raised significantly. The mining and using of the coal of high amount of arsenic has been stopped basically. All the endemic households have used the improved stoves with ventilation pipe or chimney. The correct usage of the stove reached to 90%. Washing habit of the corn and chili before cooking bas formed in the endemic regions, The emitting of arsenic into indoor room has been stopped effectively, which cut down the food pollution and arsenic ingestion. The urine arsenic level of the people in the endemic regions decreased significantly. Conclusion An ideal effect of implementing the integrated measures to control endemic arsenicosis was achieved.

关 键 词：燃煤污染 地方性砷中毒 预防控制 效果评估 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学] R188[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]