北方农牧交错带东段土地沙质荒漠化监测——以扎鲁特旗为例  

Monitoring of Land Sandy Desertification at East Part of Farming-Pasturing Interlock Zone in Northern China——the case of Zhalot Banner

作　　者：李金霞[1] 殷秀琴[1] 包玉海[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学城市与环境科学学院 [2]内蒙古师范大学内蒙古自治区遥感与地理信息系统重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2007年第2期221-228,共8页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40561010);内蒙古自然科学基金重大项目(200508010601)资助

摘　　要：以20世纪80年代末和2000年两期TM影像作信息源,经过合成、增强、几何纠正、镶嵌和人机交互判读并结合野外考察提取研究区两期沙质荒漠化土地数据,建立数据库,得到10a内不同程度沙质荒漠化土地之间的转换面积,建立沙质荒漠化土地转移矩阵。结果表明:①土地沙质荒漠化严重,以轻度和中度为主,沙化率13.54%;②主要发生在南部平原地区,形成了两条沙带,中、北部基岩山地是沙质荒漠化大面积扩展的天然界线;③半农半牧区比纯农业和纯牧业区严重;④动态趋势是整体扩展(增长率为4.67%),局部逆转(主要在南部),程度加强;⑤沙质荒漠化扩展面积为9 967.54hm2,其中中部>北部>南部;⑥管理失误、人口增长及由此引起的“三滥”等超强度利用土地行为是影响研究区土地沙质荒漠化的主要人文因子。⑦北方农牧交错带土地沙化态势仍很严重,控制人口密度,调整土地利用结构,改革土地利用制度,加强土地管理和生态环境建设势在必行。Using TM images of the end of 1980s and 2000 as information source, we got the data of desertification land area in Zhalute Banner during these two periods by synthesizing, reinforcing, correcting, inlaying and man-computer together judging, and field surveying. The databank has been set up, including the database of conversion area between different grades of desertification lands, so the transition matrix of sandy desertification land has been established. The analyzing results are as follows： （1）The sandy desertification of study region is very severe and the most is in light and middle grades and their proportion is 13.54 %. （2）Although desertification takes place in whole the region, it is the most severe in the south plain of Zhalot Banner, there are two belts of sandy desertified lands, and their extending boundary is the rock mountains in middle and north of the region. （3）The sandy desertification is more severe in farming-pasturing mixed area than in mere-farming or mere-grazing areas. （4）The dynamics of land sandy desertification are developing on the whole （with an increasing rate of 4.67 % ） and reversing in local （mainly happen in south part）, and the desertification degree is becoming intensifying. （5）The expanded area of sandy desertification land is 9 967. 54 hm^2, and the most is in middle part, the second in the north and the third in the south. （6）The important anthropogenic factors of resulting in land sandy desertification are the misplay of management, the high-speed increasing of population, and the over misuse of land resource. So, it is imperative to control population increase speed, to adjust the land use structure and to reform the land use system, to enhance the management of land resource, and to strengthen the eco-environment construction.

关 键 词：农牧交错带 土地沙质荒漠化 扎鲁特旗 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济]