爆轰对纳米晶体微结构的影响  

Effects of Detonation on the Microstructure of Nanocrystallites

作　　者：曲艳东[1] 李晓杰[1] 闫鸿浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学 工业装备与结构分析国家重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《稀有金属材料与工程》2007年第A03期249-254,共6页Rare Metal Materials and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(10172025;10602013和10572034);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(20042161)资助

摘　　要：利用X射线衍射对爆轰法制备的纳米晶粒如二氧化钛和纳米发光粉(SrAl_2O_4:Eu^(2+),Dy^(3+))进行了初步研究。通过比较纳米晶粒的XRD微结构参数(晶粒度、晶面指数(hkl)、晶格常数、晶面间距等)和常规粗晶的差异,以及平均畸变度的计算,定量地揭示了爆轰对纳米晶粒微结构的影响。研究表明,爆轰会对合成的纳米氧化物以及复合氧化物的微结构能产生不同的畸变效应。不同的晶粒尺度,不同的前驱体,产生的晶格畸变呈现各向异性晶格膨胀和收缩现象,如液相混合炸药制备的纳米氧化钛产生的平均畸变度是固相炸药制备纳米氧化钛的1.98倍,甚至达到2.72倍,同时随着晶体粒径的增大,平均畸变度减小;而爆轰法制备的SrAl_2O_4:Eu^(2+),Dy^(3+)纳米发光粉,在晶粒度变化不大的条件下,经过600～800℃的热处理后却产生了先增大后减小的平均畸变度。The nanosized particles prepared by detonation method, such as titanium dioxide and SrAl2O4： Eu^2＋, Dy^3＋, were studied via X-ray diffraction （XRD） measurements. Comparing the microstructure parameters of nanocrystallites prepared by detonation method, such as grain sizes, crystal plane index （hkl） , lattice constant and interplanar spacings with those of the conventional crystal, the effects of detonation on the microstructure of the nanocrystallites were obtained. The results showed that different distortion effects could be obtained in the microstructure of the as-prepared nanocrystallites, such as nanosized metal-oxide and nanocomposites. The lattice expansion/constriction phenomenon appeared differently with the differences of grain sizes and precursors. For example, the degree of average lattice distortion of the nanosized titanium dioxide by detonating the mixed explosives in liquid state was 1.98 times, even 2.72 times than that of the nanosized titanium dioxide prepared by detonation method in solid state. In the meantime, the degree of average lattice distortion was lowered with the grain size increasing. As for the nanosized SrAl2O4： Eu^2＋, Dy^3＋ luminescent powders prepared by detonation method, the degree of average lattice distortion increased at first and decreased later after thermal treatment at 600℃-800℃ on the conditions of little changes of grain size.

关 键 词：纳米晶 晶格畸变 爆轰合成 微结构 

分 类 号：TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]