喀斯特山区肥料运筹及对玉米生理特征及产量的影响  

Effects of fertilizer application operation on physiology and yield of maize in Karts Mountainous Areas

作　　者：陆引罡[1] 远红伟[1] 刘均霞[1] 崔保伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2007年第6期52-56,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：贵州省"十一五"科技攻关重大专项(黔科合NZ字(2005)3001)

摘　　要：以贵州优质高产玉米PZH-15为研究材料，在N、P、K配比一致的前提下，设计不同的肥料用量处理，研究和分析了其对玉米生理特征及产量的影响。结果表明：在0-360kg／hm^2的施肥范围内，肥料能显著增加玉米植株的株高、干物质积累量、叶绿素含量和籽粒产量，提高根系活力、叶片硝酸还原酶活性；同时硝酸还原酶活性、干物质积累量、根系活力和叶绿素含量等指标与玉米最终产量呈显著正相关；在相同的栽培条件下，将施肥量从360kg／hm^2降至315kg／hm^2，植株的干物质积累量增加、根系活力、叶片硝酸还原酶活性增强，但处理间籽粒产量无显著差异。在本实验条件下，磷肥和钾肥用量分别为P158kg脯、K236kg甜，氮肥为N315kg／hm^2，且于抽穗期深施追肥是协调养分总量供应与时段分配，兼顾产量和效益的优化处理。Taking PZH-15 as the material, based on the prerequisites of N.P.K with identical matching, designing different fertilizer consumption, the feritilizer operation of maize in Karts area has studied and analyzed the impact on physiological characteristic and output of every fertilizer treatment. The result shows： in 0-360 kg/hm^2 fertilizer can improve the plant height, dry matter accumulation of maize, nitrogen accumulation, root vigor, leaf nitrate reeducates activity, chlorophyll content and yield, meanwhile the leaves＇ nitrate reeducates activity, dry matter accumulation and the final output of wheat, root activity and other indicators were significantly correlated; Cultivating under the same conditions and dropping the fertilizer amount from 360 kg/hm^2 to 315 kg/hm^2, the dry matter accumulation will be increased, the roots vigor and leaf nitrate reeducates activity will be strengthened, but the yield are not obviously different in the same treatment. In this experimental condition, applying 236 kg/hm^2 potassium fertilizer, 158 kg/hm^2 phosphorus, 315 kg/hm^2 nitrogen and deeply applying top-dress in the ear period is the optimized handling in the total nutrient supply and coordinating distribution periods.

关 键 词：肥料运筹 喀斯特山区 玉米 生理特征 产量 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]