黄土坡面产流动态变化过程实验模拟  

Experimental modelling of runoff dynamic processes on loess hillslope

作　　者：马春艳[1] 王占礼[1] 谭贞学[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2007年第6期122-125,143,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家973计划课题(2007CB407201);西北农林科技大学创新团队建设计划(01140202);国家自然科学基金重点项目(40335050);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金项目(10501-182)

摘　　要：采用模拟降雨试验方法对黄土坡面产流动态变化过程进行研究,取得了如下结果:(1)不同雨强条件下,坡面径流率随降雨过程的动态变化可用对数相关方程描述,5-10min之间径流率随降雨过程的变化幅度较大,以后变缓,并趋于基本稳定状态;(2)不同坡度条件下,坡面径流深随降雨强度的动态变化可用线性相关方程进行描述,坡面径流深随降雨强度的增加而急剧增大;(3)不同雨强条件下,坡面径流深随坡度的动态变化总体可用抛物线相关方程进行描述,25°左右是径流深随坡度变化的转折点;(4)不同雨强条件下,坡面径流深随坡长的动态变化可用对数相关方程进行描述,随着雨强的增加,径流深随坡长的增加明显增大;(5)坡面径流深随坡度、坡长及降雨强度的动态变化可用多元幂函数相关方程进行描述,降雨强度对径流深的作用大于坡度及坡长因子。Based on simulated rainfall experiment, the processes of runoff dynamic variation on the loess hillslope was studied and the following results were obtained. （1） Slope runoff intensity varied with rainfall time and it could be described with logarithmic equation. Runoff intensity changed greatly between 5 - 10 min after rainfall began, then it changed slowly and tended to be steady; （2） Effect of rainfall intensity on slope runoff depth could be described with linear equations. Runoff depth rapidly increased with increase of rainfall intensity; （3） Effect of slope gradient on slope runoff depth could be described with parabola equations. The critical slope gradient was about 25^＊; （4） Effect of slope length on slope runoff depth could be described with logarithmic equations. With increase of rainfall intensities, slope runoff depth significantly increased under slope length; （5） The integrated impact of the three factors on slope runoff depth could be described with a power equation. The result showed effect of rainfall intensity on slope runoff depth was more important than slope length and slope gradient.

关 键 词：黄土坡面 产流 动态变化 过程 实验模拟 

分 类 号：S157.13[农业科学—土壤学]