中国城市的阶层结构与中产阶层的定位  

Class Structure and the Middle Class Location in Urban China

作　　者：刘欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会学系

出　　处：《社会学研究》2007年第6期1-14,共14页Sociological Studies

基　　金："国家社会科学基金项目(06BSH049)";"上海市浦江人才计划"资助。

摘　　要：本文提出了一个以公共权力、资产控制权和技术资本为基础的中国城市阶层地位划分的理论模式,进而建构了一个由社会上层、中产上层、中产下层、技术工人及小职员、非技术工人及个体劳动者5阶层构成的阶层结构的分析框架。作者认为,阶层地位是制度化的、由资源占有关系所规定的社会位置;居于这些位置上的人们是这一阶层的成员,他们享有相应的生活机遇,甚至在主观上认同这一社会身份。对中产阶层的界定应置于社会整体阶层结构中进行;中产阶层地位是位于基本阶层地位之间的阶层地位。据作者提出的阶层分析框架对"2003年中国全国综合调查"(CGSS2003)资料所作的分析显示,中国城市的社会上层占大约0.6%,中产上层占7.6%,中产下层占22.8%,技术工人及小职员占25.7%,非技术工人及个体劳动者占43.4%;中国城市社会的阶层结构是较典型的"金字塔"形结构。统计结果还显示,这一阶层框架对收入、家庭住房面积、阶层地位认同、幸福感等生活机遇和主观社会态度变量的方差的消减,具有高度的统计显著性。这些结果表明,作者所提出的阶层分析框架对当前中国城市社会的阶层结构而言,是一个有效的分析框架。In this paper, the author attempts to develop a scheme of class sortation in urban China and locate the middle class within this framework. The author argues that the dynamic basis and mechanism of social stratification in socialist China are different from those in the capitalist market economies. Public power, control rights over assets (public and private), and human capital (professional assets) constitute the dynamic basis for class differentiation in contemporary China. Based on these dynamics, 17 class positions and 5 classes can be identified in urban China. The five classes are the top classes (command class),upper middle classes,lower middle classes,skilled workers,and non-skilled workers. Statistical findings from a national sampling survey data from urban China (CGSS 2003) suggest that, the proposed class framework can significantly reduce variances of variables, such as income and housing, subjective class identification, and perception of happiness. These research results show the validity of the proposed class scheme in contemporary urban China.

关 键 词：阶层结构 中产阶层 阶层地位 阶层认同 

分 类 号：D663[政治法律—政治学]