一种季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的合成与性质  

Synthesis of a cationic quaternary ammonium salt surfactant and its properties

作　　者：张昌辉[1] 谢瑜[1] 曹娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学化学与化工学院,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《日用化学工业》2007年第6期364-366,416,共4页China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics

基　　金：陕西省教育厅自然科学专项基金资助项目(05JK158);咸阳市科技计划发展项目(XK06010-7)

摘　　要：以氯丙烯与N,N-二甲基十二烷基胺(DTA)为原料合成了季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵(DADAC);研究了原料配比、反应温度、反应时间和溶剂等因素对生成物DADAC收率的影响,通过红外光谱、元素分析确定其化学结构。较佳反应条件为:n(氯丙烯)∶n(DTA)=3∶1,无水乙醇为溶剂,50℃下反应24 h,DADAC收率为93.76%。最后测定了产物的表面性能,得到25℃下,DADAC的cmc为5.76 mmol/L,在cmc时的γ=34.2 mN/m,Krafft点<0℃。A cationic quaternary surfactant of dodecylallyl “dmlethylammonium chloride （DADAC） was synthesized from N, N - dimethyl dodecyl tertiary amine （DTA） by quaterisation with allylchloride. The effects of raw material composition, reaction temperature, reaction time and solvent on the yield of the product DADAC were studied. The chemical structure of the product was characterized by IR spectrum and elemental analysis. The optimal reaction conditions for the synthesis are： molar ratio of allylchloride to DTA 3： 1, ethanol as reaction medium, reaction temperature 50 ~C, reaction time 24 h. Product yield achieves 93.76%. Besides, surface physical and chemical properties were measured. The result showed that, at 25 ℃ the critical micelle concentration （cmc） is measured as 5.76 mmol/L, surface tension （7） at the cmc is measured as 34.2 mN/m and Krafft point 〈 0℃.

关 键 词：阳离子表面活性剂 十二烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵 合成 

分 类 号：TQ423[化学工程]