小五台山15种蒿属植物种子形态及萌发特性研究  

Seed Morphology and Germination Characteristics of 15 Species of Genus Artemisia in Xiaowutai Mountains

作　　者：祝东立[1] 贺学礼[1] 石硕[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北大学生命科学学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2007年第11期2328-2333,共6页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30470133)

摘　　要：在实验室条件下观察了小五台山15种蒿属(ArtemisiaL.)植物种子的基本形态特征,同时进行了种子吸水和发芽试验。结果表明:15种蒿属植物种子近于倒卵形或长卵形,大小差异明显,大籽蒿(A.sieversiana)种子千粒重最大为0.474g,猪毛蒿(A.scoparia)种子千粒重最小仅为0.047g,其余13种种子的千粒重为0.057～0.184g之间。种子吸水率和吸水量与是否有粘液溶出有明显的关系,有粘液溶出的旱生植物种子吸水速率快、吸水量大。15种蒿属植物种子均无明显休眠特性,多数萌发率大于70%,最高可达100%,只有红足蒿(A.rubripes)和魁蒿(A.princeps)萌发率不足50%。蒿属植物种子吸水和萌发特性显示出该属大部分种类能适应北方春季干旱少雨的气候特点,利用少量水可顺利萌发。The seeds general features of 15 species of genus Artemisia in Xiaowutai Mountains were ob- served and the seeds water absorption and germination were also carried out in laboratory. The results showed that seeds shape of the 15 species were nearly obovate and oblong, there were significant differences among the sizes of different species. The 1000-grain weight of A. sieversiana reached the maximum of 0. 474 g,while A. scoparia reached a minimum value 0. 047 g,the others ranged from 0. 057 to 0. 184 g. The water absorption rate and capacity had significant correlation with the mucilage, the xerophytes which ex- ude mucilage have high water absorption rate and can absorb abundant water. All 15 species had no signifi- cant character of dormancy. Most of species germination rate were higher than 70% ,some can reach 100%, while A. rubripes and A. princeps were below 50%. Seeds absorption and germination characteristics of Arternisia showed that most of species could adapt to the northern climate which was dry and less rain,and they could germinate smoothly by less water.

关 键 词：蒿属 种子形态 吸水 萌发 

分 类 号：Q944.3[生物学—植物学]